Chapter 2 Computer Hardware

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 2 Chapter Contents  Section A: Personal Computer Basics  Section B: Microprocessors and Memory  Section C: Storage Devices  Section D: Input and Output Devices  Section E: Hardware Security

2 SECTION A Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3 Personal Computer Basics  Personal Computer Systems  Desktop and Portable Computers  Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems  Buying Computer System Components

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4 Personal Computer Systems

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5 Desktop and Portable Computers  The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit  A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6 Desktop and Portable Computers  A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer  A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard  A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad  An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7 Desktop and Portable Computers

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 8 Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems  A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications  A Media Center PC includes components for integrating computers, televisions, home theaters, and audio systems  Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming  Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9 Buying Computer System Components  Browse through online computer stores to get a general idea of features and prices  Decide on a budget and stick to it  Make a list of the ways you plan to use your computer  Select a platform  Decide on a form factor  Select peripherals, software, and accessories

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 10 Buying Computer System Components  Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading

2 SECTION B Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 11 Microprocessors and Memory  Microprocessor Basics  Today’s Microprocessors  Random Access Memory  Read-only Memory  EEPROM

2  A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions –Usually the most expensive component of a computer Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 12 Microprocessor Basics

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 13 Microprocessor Basics  Microprocessor clock –Megahertz –Gigahertz  Front side bus –HyperTransport  Word size  Cache –Level 1 cache (L1) –Level 2 cache (L2)  CISC vs. RISC technology

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 14 Microprocessor Basics  Serial processing –Pipelining  Parallel processing  Multi-core processor  Hyper-Threading Technology

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 15 Today’s Microprocessors

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 16 Random Access Memory  Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 17 Random Access Memory  Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data  Most RAM is volatile –Requires electrical power to hold data

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 18 Random Access Memory  RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes  Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 4GB of RAM  An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 19 Random Access Memory  RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz  SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive –DDR, DDR2, or DDR3  RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high- performance workstations

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 20 Read-Only Memory  ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine –Permanent and non-volatile  The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 21 EEPROM  Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory  More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM  Requires no power to hold data

2 SECTION C Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 22 Storage Devices  Storage Basics  Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology  CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology  Solid State Storage  Storage Wrap-up

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 23 Storage Basics  A storage medium contains data  A storage device records and retrieves data from a storage medium –Data gets copied from a storage device into RAM, where it waits to be processed –Processed data is held temporarily in RAM before it is copied to a storage medium  Vertical vs. horizontal storage

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 24 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology  Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 25 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Hard disk platters and read-write heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants.

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 26  A hard disk controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data –SATA –Ultra ATA –EIDE –SCSI  Not as durable as many other storage technologies –Head crash Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 27 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology  A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing  A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes  A tape is a sequential storage medium

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 28 CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology  Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface –CD, DVD, and Blu-ray storage technologies

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 29 CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology  Today’s DVD drives typically have 20X speeds for a data transfer rate of 210 Mbps  Three categories of optical technologies –Read-only (ROM) –Recordable (R) –Rewritable (RW)

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 30 CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology  CD-DA  DVD-Video  CD-ROM  DVD-ROM  CD-R  DVD+R or DVD-R  CD-RW  DVD+RW or DVD-RW  BD-ROM, BD-R, and BD- RE

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 31 CD, DVD, and Blu-ray Technology

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 32 Solid State Storage  Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry  Non-volatile  Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 33 Solid State Storage  A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s system unit using a built-in connector  A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a computer

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 34 Storage Wrap-up

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 35

2 SECTION D Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 36 Input and Output Devices  Basic Input Devices  Display Devices  Printers  Installing Peripheral Devices

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 37 Basic Input Devices  Keyboard  Pointing device –Mice –Trackballs –Pointing Sticks –Trackpads –Joystick  Touch- sensitive screen

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 38 Display Devices  A CRT display device uses a glass tube  An LCD manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells  Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 39 Display Devices  Viewable image size  Dot pitch  Viewing angle width  Refresh rate  Color depth  Resolution –VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, WUXGA, and WQXGA

2 Display Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 40

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 41 Display Devices  Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen –Integrated graphics –Graphics card –Graphics processing unit (GPU)

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 42 Printers  An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper  A laser printer works like a photocopier

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 43 Printers Laser printers are a popular technology when high-volume output or good-quality printouts are required.

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 44 Printers  Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires –The wires strike a ribbon and the paper

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 45 Printers  Printer features –Resolution –Print speed –Duty cycle –Operating costs –Duplex capability –Memory –Networkability

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 46 Installing Peripheral Devices  Many new devices can be connected to an external USB port  The data bus moves data within the computer  Expansion cards are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities –Expansion slot ISA PCI AGP

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 47 Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion card simply slides into an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw. Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and ground yourself—that’s technical jargon for releasing static electricity by using a special grounding wristband or by touching both hands to a metal object.

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 48 Installing Peripheral Devices  An expansion port passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device  Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver

2 Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 49

2 SECTION E Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 50 Hardware Security  Anti-theft Devices  Surge Protection and Battery Backup  Basic Maintenance  Troubleshooting and Repair

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 51 Anti-Theft Devices

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 52 Surge Protection and Battery Backup  A power surge is a sudden increase or spike in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outlets  A surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surges and spikes  A UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 53 Surge Protection and Battery Backup

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 54 Basic Maintenance  Computer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your control  Keep the keyboard clean  Clean your computer screen on a regular basis  Keep the area clean around your computer  Make sure fans are free of dust

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 55 Basic Maintenance Carefully use a cotton swab and a can of compressed air or a vacuum cleaner to remove dust and debris from your keyboard. Some liquids are difficult to remove. That can of pop? Better to keep it away from your keyboard.

2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 56 Troubleshooting and Repair  There are several telltale signs that your computer is in trouble –Failure to power up –Loud beep –Black screen of death  Windows Help and Support  Safe Mode

2 Troubleshooting and Repair Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 57

Chapter 2 Complete Computer Hardware