The World of Bacteria. What does a bacterium look like? Internal Structures: cytoplasm nucleoid ribosomes Boundaries: cell membrane cell wall capsule.

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Bacteria Classification

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Presentation transcript:

The World of Bacteria

What does a bacterium look like? Internal Structures: cytoplasm nucleoid ribosomes Boundaries: cell membrane cell wall capsule Appendages: flagellum pili

Shapes of Bacteria

Bacteria Identification Criteria Shapes Bacilli Cocci Sprilli Growth Patterns “Prefixes describe pattern” “strepto…. Means in chains “staphylo…Means in clusters Examples: Streptococcus pneumoniae

Bacterial Growth Patterns: Streptococcus

Bacterial Growth Patterns: Staphylococcus

The Gram Stain Christian Gram (1884) develops gram staining process. Use of two stains: crystal violet and safranine Stains interact differently with a particular type of cell wall. Cells will be either Gram positive or Gram negative.

How else are bacteria identified? Another criterion? Composition and Construction of the Cell Wall

Gram Negative The Gram-negative cell wall is composed of a thin, inner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane consisting of molecules of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoproteins and sutface proteins. The lipopolysaccharide consists of lipid A and O polysaccharide.

Gram Staining Process What color are gram positive? What color are gram negative?

Which is Gram positive? Which is Gram negative? Gram negative: A group of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet dye after the differential staining procedure known as Gram staining. They appear pink due to the counterstain, safranin. Gram positive appears purple. The difference between Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria is the cell wall structure, which accounts for the different staining characteristics

Gram Positive Gram Negative So what is the medical significance of this technique? The Gram Stain Results:

How Bacteria Talk by Bonnie Blasser