Chapter 10 Bleeding

Blood-average blood volume in an adult is pints. Only 2.5 percent of people in NJ donate blood. We need more blood. Delicious snacks will be provided.

3 functions of blood 1. transports oxygen, nutrients and wastes 2. protects against disease by producing antibodies and defends against pathogens. 3. maintain body temperature

Components of Blood Liquid part of blood- plasma. Makes up half of total blood volume. Function of plasma- nutrients for energy, growth and cell maintenance, carries wastes and transports other blood components.

Solid components of blood Red blood cells-produced in marrow of bones. Function-transport oxygen from lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.

White blood cells Function-disease fighting part of the immune system. Aid in producing antibodies that help body fight infection.

Platelets Disk-shaped fragments that are made up of cell fragments. Function-main component for clotting because they bind together.

3 Major types of blood vessels Arteries Carotid Brachial Radial Femoral Dorsalis pedis Veins Capillaries

Link arteries and veins-Teeny tiny! Function-transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood into the cells. Pick up waste products from cells and move them to veins. Capillaries

Arteries Carry blood away from heart Travels faster and under pressure- ”pumps” Bright red blood.

Veins Carry blood to heart Carry waste products from the cells Bleeding flows steadily without spurting, easier to control. Dark red or maroon in color

Capillaries Most common type of bleeding Easy to control Oozes from the wound Paler red in color than arterial bleeding

External bleeding Occurs when a blood vessel is opened by tearing the skin. Treatment-check scene and victim, ask permission, call 911(if needed), put on gloves, apply direct pressure with a sterile bandage, elevate extremity, compress main artery if necessary. Apply extra bandages ON TOP OF EXISTING BANDAGE.

Internal bleeding Escape of blood from veins, arteries or capillaries. Signs and Symptoms-swelling, rigidity, anxiety, weak and rapid pulse, rapid breathing or shortness of breath, skin that is cool, pale, bluish or ashen. Bruising by the injured area. Nausea/vomiting Abdominal pain Excessive thirst

Care for internal bleeding If severe-call 911 keep comfortable Monitor breathing Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated. Reassure victim Try to reduce swelling with ice

Warning Graphic soft tissue injuries pictures BE AWARE!!!

Avulsion Skin partially torn away from the body.

Amputation Body part completely severed from body

Treatment *Wrap body part in a dressing Put body part in plastic bag and put on ice. Transport victim and body part to hospital.

Occlusive bandage a dressing that prevents air from reaching a wound and that retains moisture, heat, body fluids. It may consist of a sheet of thin plastic affixed with transparent tape.

After applying a bandage Keep checking below the bandage site to make sure your bandage did not restrict circulation. Check for FEELING, WARMTH AND COLOR. Elastic bandages can restrict blood flow if not put on properly

Tourniquet-band used to stop the blood flow. SHOULD ONLY BE USED AS A LAST RESORT TO SAVE SOMEONE FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH. Apply tourniquet above the wound. Twist until bleeding stops