How Minerals Form? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHfO8pmaXMg.

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Presentation transcript:

How Minerals Form?

From a solution From Magma & Lava

Minerals from Magma

Minerals form as hot magma cools inside the crust- or as lava hardens on the surface. When these liquids cool to a solid state, they form crystals.

Size Differences Cooling Rate Amount of Gas in Magma Chemical Composition Depth Mineral crystals vary greatly in size. T he photo above shows an extremely thin slice of dunite, an igneous rock, as viewed with a special microscope

Magma deep below the surface Cools over thousands of years Forms large crystals Grow by adding atoms in a regular pattern Geodes are formed as gas bubbles in the ma gma cool and harden.

Magma close to the surface MUCH faster Smaller Crystals LAVA

Diamonds Extremely high temperatures and pressures under earth. Brought towards the surface by explosion. Explosions form narrow pipes called kimberlites where the diamonds can be mined.

Minerals from Solutions Solution: a mixture where one substance is dissolved into another. Elements and compounds are dissolved in water and leave a solution form crystals. Underground and above ground bodies of water Mixture Solution

Evaporation Water form the solution evaporates leaving the mineral behind. Ancient oceans evaporating leave minerals beind “Salt fields”

Hot Water Solutions Magma heats ground water and the elements/compounds dissolve into the water. The solution cools and the elements/compounds leave the crystalize. Often form veins. The solution of hot water will flow through the crack in between rock and form crystals. Gold veins in between rocks.