Gear Honing: Characteristics & Specific applications

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Presentation transcript:

Gear Honing: Characteristics & Specific applications Matchless Machines & Technology

What do we want in a Gear? Where-ever Gears are used, the characteristics required are: Noise-less transmission at high speeds Optimization of power Wear resistance

Why Gear Honing? The process of Gear Honing is ideally suited for obtaining these characteristics. By improving the surface finish and the quality of the Geometry of the Gear tooth, we can achieve interference free Gear performance with full contact between the two rolling surfaces. This gives extremely smooth rolling of the Gear and thereby noiseless operation, excellent power transmission and low wear.

What is Gear Honing? Gear honing is a hard finishing process similar to hard shaving. The flanks of an external teeth gear and an internal teeth honing ring are in rolling contact with a specified radial pressure at a low cutting speed. The driven work-piece and tool spindles are crossed at a defined angle. The superposition of the in-feed movements gives a resulting gliding movement running diagonally from tip to root of the tooth flank. This produces a micro-cutting process with short cutting point engagement.

Advantages of Gear Honing Favorable surface texture reduces the noise emission in the transmission Induced residual stresses in tooth flanks increase the bearing capacity Low cutting speed prevents structure damages (burning) New machines and tool systems achieve high stock removal rates and direct honing of hardened gears Quick process and short floor to floor times are ideal for the quantity production No limitations of gear size; from a small pinion to the final drive gear, all can be honed to perfection!

Gear manufacturing as it once was Green machining Gear forming (forging, sintering, …) Green shaving Heat treatement / Cleaning Grinding Hard shaving Gear honing Finished gear

Gear manufacturing today Green machining Gear forming (forging, sintering, …) Green shaving Heat treatement / Cleaning Grinding Hard shaving Direct-Honing TM Gear honing Fässler Gear Honing Finished gear

Kinematics of Gear Honing: Workpiece- spindle Workpiece Honing ring Tool-spindle Pic: Fässler HMX 400

Distinguishing marks of gear honing Axial veloc. Cutting veloc. Pitch dia. PCD Radial veloc. Surface structure Cutting velocities 1 … 10 m/s

Fässler Technologies Technologies Fässler Gear Honing Hard Broaching Fässler offers the following technologies: We have the most focus on the gear honing technology A second field is the hard broaching technology The dressing technology for grinding worms is also an important sector The tool design for all products as a central topic to guarantee the best solution Fässler Gear Honing Hard Broaching Dressing Technology Tool design and manufacturing Technologies

Fässler HMX-400: 9-Axis HMX-400 X In feed-Axis Z1 Oscillation-Axis A Cross angle adjusting-Axis B1 Swivel-Axis Z2 Headstock-Axis B2 Headstock rotation-Axis C1 Honing stone direct drive rotation-Axis C2 Work piece 1 direct drive rotation-Axis C3 Work piece 2 direct drive rotation-Axis Die neue Fässler HMX-400 Zahnrad-Honmaschine verfügt über neun Maschinenachsen, wovon deren vier mit modernster, hochdynamischer Direktantriebstechnologie ausgerüstet sind. Die Achsen C1, C2 und C3 sind rotatorische, direkt angetriebene Hochpräzisionsachsen für Werkzeug- und Werkstückantrieb. Die Zustellachse wird mit X-Achse und die Pendelachse mit Z1-Achse bezeichnet. Die Pendelbewegung mit der Z1-Achse während des Honens dient dazu, den Honstein in der ganzen Breite gleichmässig auszunutzen. Beim Abrichten wird mit der Pendelachse (Z1-Achse) eine gleichmässigere Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Werkzeuges nach dem Abrichten erreicht. Zudem kann die Oberflächenrauheit mit der Pendelbewegung noch beeinflusst werden. Dies zeigt sich vor allem bei der Bearbeitung eines innenverzahnten Werkstückes mit einem diamantbeschichteten Werkzeug. Der Achskreuzwinkel zwischen Werkstück und Werkzeug, der für die axiale Schnittgeschwindigkeitskomponente verantwortlich ist, wird mit A-Achse bezeichnet. Flankenmodifikationen können mit Hilfe der rotatorischen B1-Achse durchgeführt werden. Bei der Bearbeitung konischer Räder kann mit der B1-Achse der Konuswinkel eingestellt werden und somit können mit der Fässler HMX-400 auch solche Räder problemlos bearbeitet werden, selbst wenn diese noch zusätzlich eine Breitenballigkeit aufweisen. Die direkt angetriebenen C2/C3-Achsen können mit Drehzahlen bis hin zu 9000 Upm betrieben werden. Diese Hohlwellenspindeln erlauben die prozessichere Spannung von längeren Wellenteilen bis zu einem Schaftdurchmesser von 60 mm, da die Welle in der Spindel versenkt werden kann und so die Spannung nahe am Prozesspunkt erfolgen kann. Der Werkzeugantrieb C1 ist ebenfalls ein direkt angetriebener Präzisonsantrieb, welcher Drehzahlen bis hin zu 1500 Upm erlaubt, das bei einem lichten Innendurchmesser von 400 mm und einer extrem schmalen Baubreite von 180 mm! Die Vorteile dieses Antriebes liegen in der extrem hohen Steifigkeit und Kompaktheit, was eine sehr grosse Flexibilität bei der Bearbeitung erlaubt. Die Kopplung zwischen Werkstück und Werkzeug findet mit einem elektronischen Getriebe statt, dessen Steifigkeit elektronisch eingestellt werden kann. Nur dank dem Einsatz dieser neuartigen Direktantriebe von Werkstück- und Werkzeugspindeln und der äusserst anspruchsvollem Regelungstechnik, welche zur Synchronisation benötigt wird, lassen sich Teilungsfehler zuverlässig verbessern, was sich in einer bisher kaum erreichbaren Prozessfähigkeit widerspiegelt. Zudem erlaubt dieses Antriebssystem das prozesssichere Einflankenhonen, was bei bestimmten Bauteilen eine vorteilhaftere Bearbeitungsstrategie gestattet. HMX-400

Comparison of Honed vs Ground Gears The reason of the noiseless behavior of honed gears is the surface structure. The ground surface in the transverse plane of the gear looks like a saw. This causes vibrations and the gear is loud. A honed surface in the transversal cut of the gear looks smoother than the ground gear. The vibrations are less.

The Honing Process allows you to achieve: Excellent surface finish and extreme small roughness values Noiseless surface structure Extreme good wear behavior due to the induction of high compressive residual stresses (1000 ... 1600 N/mm2). No thermal stresses; no changes of the material microstructure; no grinding burn! No bias from the process Excellent profile and lead qualities (DIN 6 ... 2). Quite good correction of pitch errors and run out (DIN 6 ... 2). High process capability because of direct drive technology Low tooling costs because long tool life of ceramic bonded honing stones High stock removal possible Very economic finishing process - especially in mass production Die Vorteile dieses Verfahrens liegen erwiesenermassen in der günstigen Oberflächenstruktur, welche zu einem geräuscharmen Lauf gehonter Verzahnungen führt. Die guten Verschleisseigenschaften gehonter Verzahnungen sind eine Folge der grossen Druckeigenspannungen bis zu 1600 N/mm2, welche mit diesem Verfahren an der Werkstückoberfläche induziert werden. Zudem sind die thermischen Belastungen aufgrund der geringen Schnittgeschwindigkeiten sehr gering, so dass keine negativen Beeinflussungen an der gehärteten Randschicht auftreten. Nebst den excellenten Profil- und Flankenformen können mit der neuen Maschinengeneration auch Teilungsfehler gut korrigiert werden. Weiter besticht dieses Verfahren durch die geringen Kosten pro Teil durch sehr hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit. Heute ist der Zahnrad-Honprozess sehr viel beherrschbarer geworden, was sich durch eine Erhöhung der Prozesssicherheit und eine einfachere Handhabung bemerkbar macht. So lassen sich heute schon in der Auslegungsphase die meisten Prozessparameter zuverlässig vorausberechnen und daraus die richtige Hontechnologie und -strategie für das jeweilige Bauteil ableiten. Unsicherheiten in der Prozessführung können lediglich durch die schwer zu berechnenden Deformationsverhältnisse aufgrund dynamischer Belastung oder dem Verhalten des Kühlschmiermittels hervorgerufen werden. Diese Unsicherheiten liegen auch bei anderen Verfahren mit geometrisch unbestimmter Schneide vor und sind nicht speziell nur beim Honverfahren problematisch.

TIME; COSTING AND ECONOMICS HONING : TIME; COSTING AND ECONOMICS

Cost comparison between various hard gear finishing processes 400% 350% 300% Labour cost Tooling cost Machine cost 250% 200% cost [%] 150% Workpiece data: m = 2 n 100% z = 35 alpha = 15° 50% beta = 33° b = 15 mm da = 91mm 0% Generation Profile Combi Grinding Direct Grinding Green Honing Honing™ Shaving

Cost comparison between various hard gear finishing processes The preceding chart compares the manufacturing costs for a specific part for the different manufacturing methods. This benchmarking was made from a well known gear box manufacturer. The chart indicates that the cost of the green shaving are lowest. The manufacturing cost for single direct honing is about 1.5 times higher, the costs for combi honing about 2.2 times higher.

Comparison between various hard gear finishing processes

Comparison between various hard gear finishing processes

Comparison between various hard gear finishing processes

Comparison between various hard gear finishing processes

Honing : the superior hard finishing process….

SPECIAL FEATURES & ADVANTAGES OF FASSLER - HMX REASONABLE PRICE; INSTALLATION & COMMISSIONING SERVICES IN INR PAYMENT LOCALLY. FREE SERVICE DURING WARRANTY AVAILABLE LOCALLY POST WARRANTY AFTER SALES SERVICE AVAILABLE LOCALLY IN INR OR WITH INR PAYABLE AMC. TECHNICALLY MOST ADVANCED DESIGN - TWIN SPINDLE - FASTEST CYCLE TIME 2-SPINDLE AND 2- HONING STONE CARRIER. POSSIBILTY OF HONING 2 DIFFERENT GEARS. FAST SETUP CHANGE LOWEST RE-DRESSING FREQUENCY HIGHEST TOOL LIFE LOWEST TOOL COSTS

In Conclusion…. We are confident of our process and our Machine! We have 3 machines successfully installed at Bajaj for Honing gears of their premium 2 wheelers, and one to be installed shortly. IF YOU ARE STILL GRINDING YOUR GEARS, YOU CAN GIVE US YOUR GEAR DRAWINGS. WE WILL CARRY OUT HONING TRIALS AND DO A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY FOR YOUR REFERENCE.

THANK YOU!