Occult Rectal Prolapse M62 Course 2007 David Jayne St. James's University Hospital, Leeds
Occult Rectal Prolapse Internal rectal prolapse Rectal intussusception Full-thickness invagination of the distal rectum during the act of defaecation
Occult Rectal Prolapse Asymptomatic 50 – 60% proctograms in normal volunteers Symptomatic Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome Obstructed Defaecation Syndrome (ODS) Faecal incontinence
Obstructed Defaecation Syndrome (ODS) Under-diagnosed 15 – 20% women More common in multiparous Symptoms Straining Laxative / Enema dependency Incomplete evacuation Fragmented defaecation Rectal pain Perineal support / Digitation
Occult Rectal Prolapse Central to the concept of ODS Co-existent Rectocele Muco-haemorrhoidal prolapse Enterocele / Sigmoidocele Descending perineum Urogenital prolapse
A unifying theory for ODS Chronic straining produces a stretching and redundancy of the distal (subperitoneal) rectum Rectal redundancy is the anatomical defect underlying ODS
Rectal Redundancy
Rectocele & Internal Prolapse
Rectal Redundancy Internal prolapse – rectal invagination Rectocele – transverse distension Perineal descent – distal elongation Initial compensatory mechanisms Facilitate opening of the rectal lumen Gradual impaired ability to generate intra-rectal pressure for evacuation
Rectal Redundancy Dependency on extra-rectal forces to achieve rectal evacuation Enterocele / Sigmoidocele Descending perineum May be dynamic or become stable
Enterocele
Enterocele
Concept Correction of ODS requires excision of the redundant rectum and its associated structural abnormalities
STARR Procedure Stapled Transanal Rectal Resection Aims to correct the anatomical defects associated with ODS by resection of the redundant distal rectum Previously double stapling technique using x2 PPH-01 guns New Transtar method
Transtar stapler 33mm stapler Curved Cutter Reloadable staple cartridge
Transtar procedure CAD inserted & secured
Transtar procedure Leading edge of prolapse identified
Transtar procedure 4x gathering sutures 2, 10, 8 & 4 o’clock Traction 5th suture to aid first “radial cut”
Transtar procedure Radial cut Determines “height” of specimen Direct vision Traction of 2 & 4 o’clock gathering sutures
Transtar procedure 2nd firing Circumferential resection Direct vision Tension on 2 & 10 o’clock gathering sutures
Transtar procedure Circumferential resection Direct vision “Sausage” specimen
Transtar procedure Complete circumferential resection Beginning & end points meet up Prolapse excised
Transtar procedure Full-thickness circumferential resection of distal rectum
Transtar procedure
Transtar procedure
Summary Internal rectal prolapse, rectocele & muco-haemorrhoidal prolapse all manifestations of posterior pelvic floor dysfunction Primary defect is redundancy of the distal rectum Correction of rectal redundancy addresses the anatomical defect and is advocated for the treatment of ODS
Internal Rectal Prolapse M62 Course 2007 David Jayne St. James's University Hospital, Leeds
Internal Rectal Prolapse M62 Course 2007 David Jayne St. James's University Hospital, Leeds
Internal Rectal Prolapse Distal Rectal Redundancy M62 Course 2007 David Jayne St. James's University Hospital, Leeds