 1. What is a mineral?  a. Occurs naturally in Earth’s crust  b. Has a specific makeup.  c. It’s a solid  d. Can be a single element of compounds

LimestoneSilicon Amethyst Quartz Iron Ore Aluminum Oxide “Ruby” Uranium Ore

 2. Native Elements  a. Composed of a single element ▪ 1. Gold ▪ 2. Silver ▪ 3. Copper  b. Most minerals are compounds ▪ 1. Quartz is a silicate ▪ 2. Silicon + Oxygen

Gold Copper Silver

 3. Ore Minerals  a. Any mineral of economic value  b. Iron ore- hematite, magnetite  c. Lead ore = galena  d. Mercury = Cinnabar

Iron Ore Mercury Galena

 4. Metallic Ores  a. Have a shiny luster  b. Conduct electricity  c. Silver, iron, lead, copper, aluminum

 5. Nonmetallic Ores  a. Do not conduct electricity  b. Make good insulaters  c. Asbestos, limestone, corundum, diamonds quartz, jade, emeralds

 6. How minerals form-depends on location and what other elements are present. a. Hydrothermal Solutions 1. Minerals dissolved in hot water 2. Water cools as it moves upward and into fissures in rocks 3. Minerals turn to solids.

 b. Evaporites-running surface water dissolves minerals and are deposited in seas. Layers are left behind as the water evaporates 1. Salt 2. Limestone 3. Gypsum

Quartz Vein in Basalt Gold Vein in Fractured Rocks