Darwin, Evolution, and Natural Selection
Scientific Theory A.Social use of the word “theory” 1.Not the same as in science 2.Implies a hunch or a casual guess B.Scientific Theory 1. Highly probable explanation based on vast collections of scientific data 2.There are relatively few scientific theories C.Examples of Scientific Theories 1.Cell Theory 2.Atomic Theory 3.Plate Tectonic Theory 4.Big Bang Theory
Theories of Evolution A.Lamarck (1800) 1.Similar species descended from a common ancestor – related to fossil record 2.Species change by ACQUIRING traits in their lifetime 3.Acquired traits are NOT genes; they are things that are learned
Theories of Evolution
B.Alfred Wallace (late 1800’s) 1. species were modified by natural selection
Theories of Evolution C.Charles Darwin (late 1800’s) 1.Background a.medical and clergy student naturalist b.HMS Beagle –goal was to survey the coast of S. America ( ) –Darwin collected biological & geological specimens c.Read Lyell’s Principles of Geology which influenced his thinking as he observed fossils—book proposed the earth was millions of years old
Theories of Evolution
2.On the Galapagos Islands a.Different islands seemed to have their own slightly different varieties of animals b.Finches had distinctive bills – 13 different species c.Very similar – must have descended from a common ancestor d.Related this to artificial selection
Theories of Evolution
3.Framework for Natural Selection (1840) a. Individuals in a population show differences b. Variations are inherited c. Organisms have more offspring than can survive on available resources d. Variations that increase reproductive success will have a greater chance of being passed on than those that do not increase reproductive success
Theories of Evolution Galapagos Turtle
Theories of Evolution 4.Wrote a book – Origin of Species (1859) a. Compiled evidence for evolution and explained how natural selection might provide a mechanism for the origin of species b. 1858: another naturalist (Alfred Wallace) proposed a theory almost identical to Darwin’s—Darwin published his book a year later; evolution is only used once: on the last page!
Summary Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness (survival rate)