Ms Ellzy The Main Idea: To learn how English ideals about government and trade took root in the colonies.

 1215 – English nobles forced King John to sign.  The Magna Carta (great charter) limited the power of the current and future English Monarchs.  Limited monarchs right to assign taxes without consulting parliament.  Protected the right to own property.  Guaranteed the right to trial by jury.  NO monarch could raise taxes without the approval of the legislature, also known as Parliament.  Originally only applied to nobles, eventually applied to all English citizens.  Disagreements between Parliament and King Charles I led to the English Civil War in the 1640’s.

 Parliament removed King James II and replaced him with his daughter Queen Mary and her husband William. (1688)  The English Bill of Rights was signed by King William and Queen Mary in  Restated many of the rights of the Magna Carta.  Maintained Habeas Corpus.

 By 1670 every British colony in North America had a legislature of some kind.  Voting rights extended to % of white male colonists.  Women, Native Americans and Africans did NOT have the right to vote. Despite property ownership.  Freedom of the Press  Zenger court case. The press can print the truth.

 1651 Parliament passes the first of the Navigation Acts.  Shipments from Europe to English colonies had to go through England 1 st.  Any imports to England from the colonies had to come in ships built and owned by British subjects.  The colonies could sell key products, such as tobacco and sugar only to England.

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 Began working around age 7.  Work included: household chores and farm chores. If the family was poor the children might be servants for other families.  Hopscotch, marbles, leapfrog, and jump rope were popular games played by children.  Boys learning trades began as apprentices for craftsmen.

 Became popular because of the need for cheap labor on plantations and racism.  Early on states such as Maryland, Rhode Island, Georgia and Virginia tried to limit and even ban slavery.  Slaves revolted in different areas, then the colonial leaders developed the Slave Codes.  Slaves could NOT meet in large numbers.  Could not own weapons or leave plantations without permission.  It was illegal for slaves to be taught to read and write.  Masters could NOT be charged with murder for killing a slave.

 African grass baskets, used to sift rice.  African style banjo.  Crafts workers used African styles to create things like fine quilts, carved walking sticks, furniture etc.  Gullah: an African dialect that blends English and several African languages.

 Public school- A school supported by taxes.  Originated with the Puritans in Massachusetts.  Colonial schools included religious instruction, reading, writing, arithmetic (math).  Girls often attended schools in the summer when boys were out of school. Or they attended Dame Schools.  After elementary school boys went on to grammar schools, which prepared them for college.  Harvard College was the 1 st college established in the colonies by the Puritans in  Colonists in Virginia established the first college in the South, The College of William and Mary in 1693.

 Anne Bradstreet- the 1 st colonial poet published The Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up in America in  Phillis Wheatley – An enslaved African woman who published her first poem in the 1760’s.  Benjamin Franklin- started the Pennsylvanian Gazette newspaper at age 17.

 Religious leaders felt the colonies were straying from their religious roots.  Jonathan Edwards cautioned colonists to examine their lives and commit themselves to God.  The Great Awakening led to the growing of smaller churches such as Methodists and Baptists throughout the colonies.  This also led to more religious tolerance in the colonies.

 All human problems could be solved by human reasoning.  John Locke argued that people have natural rights- rights that all humans had from birth.  Life, Liberty and Property!  1690 Two Treatises on Government.  Different from the idea of divine right.  Barn de Montesquie declared that government should be defined and limited.  Separation of Powers  Legislative to make laws.  Executive to enforce laws.  Judicial to make judgments based on the law.