On the Home Front Chapter 26 Section 3

America Prepares for War 1. Under the Selective Service Act more than 15 million Americans joined the armed forces. 2. About 250,000 women served in the -WAC (Women’s Army Corps) -WAVES (Women Appointed for Volunteer Service in the Navy) -Marines, Coast Guard and Army Air Corps. 3. Did not fight, served as nurses and did clerical work.

Mobilization 1. Military and civilian preparations for war, equipping troops with arms and other materials. 2. New Gov’t agencies: War Production Board: industries converted to war production. Office of Price Administration National War Labor Board: resolve disputes that may slow down war production

Financing the War $320 billion spent on war effort Revenue Act of 1942- much raised through taxes Borrowed money Sold war bonds

Wartime America Factories produced 70,000 ships, 100,000 tanks, airplanes and millions of guns. Resources needed for war rationed: gasoline, tires, sugar and meat Victory Gardens-grew vegetables in short supply Scrap metal collected

Local county boards of the Office of Price Administration issued every man, woman, and child a ration book during the war. So much food needed to be set aside for military use that the government restricted civilian purchases. County boards rationed sugar, coffee, meat, butter, margarine, cheese, canned milk, canned fish, canned fruits and vegetables, soups, and fruit juices. Recipes in this book offer women options for cooking without sugar. The Office of Price Administration restricted civilian purchases of sugar because of a shortage. The war in the Pacific slowed the import of sugar into the country.

Wartime Women Women were welders and riveters, worked in factories making war materials. Ad Campaign: Rosie the Riveter

African Americans 1 million served in war Segregated units 1942 trained together and received combat assignments 332nd Fighter Group, Tuskegee Airmen, trained at Tuskegee, Alabama Shot down more than 200 enemy planes First AA General in Air Force, Benjamin Davis, Jr.

Native Americans Joined armed forces Navajo Code Talkers-created a special code to communicate troop movement and battle plans. Code based on Navajo language, Japanese never able to break code.

Hispanic Americans 250,000 served in war Recruited 1000’s of workers to support war effort Mercedes Cubria- first Hispanic woman officer, WAC Horatio Rivero- First Hispanic 4 star General

Japanese Americans Feared and hated by Americans 2/3 were American citizens 100,000 sent to internment camps in desert areas of west Had to leave homes and possessions Many lost homes and possessions after release.

Japanese Internment Camps, California Desert

Internment Camps, California

Alabama and the War FORT MORGAN AIRSTRIP, 2004

Air Station, Foley, Alabama

Shipyard, Mobile USS DRUM: submarine, located at Battleship Park

USS ALABAMA

WARTIME MOBILE

WARTIME MOBILE

Wartime Mobile, Dauphin Street