Europe in 1812

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna

Main Objectives eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict. eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

Key Players at Vienna The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

Key Principles Established at Vienna VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs. eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

VFrance was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. VRussia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). VPrussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. VA Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. VAustria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. VThe House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule. Changes Made at Vienna (1)

The Germanic Confederation, 1815

Changes Made at Vienna (2) VNorway and Sweden were joined. VThe neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. VHanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. VBritain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. VSardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. VThe Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. VThe Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. VThe slave trade was condemned (at British urging). VFreedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna VRussia: VGot 1. Finland 2. Part of Poland VSweden: VLost Finland, but got Norway VPrussia: VGot 1. Various German territories (some bordering the Rhine River) 2. 40% of Saxony

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna VGerman Confederation V39 state with an Austrian emperor as president VConfederation: made up of separate and independent states which have power over the central government VAustrian Empire: VGot 1. Italian Provinces of Lombardy and Venetia 2. Croatia and Dalmatia

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna VBritain: VGot colonial possessions it had occupied during the war: V1. West Indies from Spain V2. Malta off the coast of Italy V3. Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from Dutch V4. South Africa from Dutch VHolland/Netherlands: VLost Ceylon and South Africa, but got Belgium

Compensation Following Congress of Vienna VSwitzerland: VRemained neutral VFrance VWas not rewarded because they started it all! V1. Pay 700 million francs V2. Return art work V3. Returns to 1789 borders (prior to French Revolution) Note: This is not everything; only a sampling of some of the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna

The Dancing Congress