Professor Koon ISE 370 Barcodes

Professor Koon ISE 370 Code Reading Technology  Original Barcode Readers Contact Wand

Professor Koon ISE 370 Code Reading Technology  Non-Contact Scanner  How a checkout scanner works  Optoelectronics: Optical Image to electrical Signals

Professor Koon ISE 370 Code Reading Technology  Non-Contact Scanner

Professor Koon ISE 370 Code Reading Technology

Professor Koon ISE 370 BarCode History  Grocery stores need for a system to automatically read items at checkout Increase Productivity Reduce Human Error  Silver, Woodland and Johanson 1948 Drexel Institute of Technology Students 1949 First patent for “Classifying Apparatus and Method”  Linear  “Bulls-eye” Image:

Professor Koon ISE 370 Standardization  “Without the advancements involving lasers and microchips, the development of the Universal Product Code and the dream of an automated checkout would not have been possible.” – Marvin L. Mann

Professor Koon ISE 370 UCC >> First BarCode (1974)

UPC – Universal Product Code 12 Digits (6 ID, 5 item, 1 check) Symbology is a standard that defines the printed symbol. How scanners should read and decode the symbol. Professor Koon ISE 370

Decode Barcode  Black Bars with White Bars Between  Thinnest Bar = 1 unit wide  All Bars 1 to 4 units wide  Start (L) is (B-W-B)  Final ( R) is (B-W-B)  All Digits add to 7 widths Professor Koon ISE 370

UPC Barcode  How to read a standard 12 decimal digit code DigitPatternDigitPattern

Professor Koon ISE 370 How To Read a Barcode

Check Digit (UPC Code)  Add all digits in Odd positions  Multiply sum results by 3  Add all digits in Even positions  Add 3x Odd sum to Even sum  This sum plus check digit must be a multiple of 10. (e.g. 110)  Try Professor Koon ISE 370

Different Types of Barcodes  Other most commonly used codes: UPC-A, UPC-E, and UPC Supplemental EAN-13 (13 Digits: One for Flag) Code 39 (US Military 1981) Interleaved 2 of 5 Code 128 (Alphanumeric) Two-Dimensional (Stacked, Multi-row)

Interleaved 2 of 5  Numbers Only  Long as Necessary  Check Digit is optional  Digit is encoded in the bars  Next digit is encoded in the spaces  Start >> NB-NS-NB-NS  Data = five bars each  Stop >> WB-NS-NB Professor Koon ISE 370

Number Pattern 2 of 5  0 >> NNWWN  1 >> WNNNW  2 >> NWNNW  3 >> WWNNN  4 >> NNWNW  5 >> WNWNN  6 >> NWWNN  7 >> NNNWW  8 >> WNNWN  9 >> NWNWN Professor Koon ISE 370

Different Types of Barcodes  American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) Coding Standard

Professor Koon ISE 370 Different Types of Barcodes >> Linear or Matrix (2D)  Code 39 A symbology that can encode uppercase letters (A through Z), digits (0 through 9) and a handful of special characters like the $ sign. Military Usage Drawbacks  Low Data Density  Requires More Space

Professor Koon ISE 370 Different Types of Barcodes  Code 128 A very high-density barcode symbology Used extensively world wide in shipping and packaging industries Can encode all 128 characters of ASCII

CODE 49 Professor Koon ISE 370

Code 49  2 to 8 rows stacked  Cross between UPC & Code 39  Developed in 1987 Intermec Corp.  Modified Scanner Needed Professor Koon ISE 370

Different Types of Barcodes  Data Matrix A 2D matrix barcode consisting of black and white “cells” or “modules” arranged in either a square or rectangular pattern. Most common in marking small items (as small as 2-3mm 2 ) Pack a lot of information in a very small space. Stores between 1 to 500 characters. Can scale down to 1 mil square. (500 million characters per inch).

Aztec Code Professor Koon ISE 370  Design for ease of printing & ease of decoding  Square central bullseye finder.  Smallest 15 x 15 modules.  Largest 151 x 151 modules.  1995 by Welch Allyn Inc.

3D Barcode (Bumpy)  Small circular symbols  Shiny, curved metal surfaces Professor Koon ISE 370

SuperCode  In public domain.  Invented in  Packet structure (multi-row).  Greater freedom in placing packets.  32 error correction levels. Professor Koon ISE 370

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)  No contact of line of sight  Active or Passive Tags (See note sheet)  Electromagnetic Waves Active tags contain a battery and can transmit signals autonomously. Passive have no battery and require an external source to provoke signal Transmission. Cost under ¢10 Implementation into cell phones

Professor Koon ISE /16/2015 Standardization  Problems with standardizing new technology  Will Barcodes Prove to be Economic?  IBM proposed designed by George J. Laurer  12 Decimal Digit code -SLLLLLLMRRRRRRE (S) Start – Bit pattern of 101 (L) Left – 7 Bit pattern (M) Middle – Bit pattern of known as guard bars (R) Right – 7 Bit pattern (E) End – Bit pattern of 101

Professor Koon ISE /16/2015 What is a Barcode? 1  A bar code (also barcode) is an optical machine readable representation of data.  Originally, bar codes represented data in the widths (lines) and the spacings of parallel lines and may be referred to as linear or 1D barcodes or symbologies.  Now they also come in patterns of squares, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns within images termed 2D matrix codes or symbologies. 1 Image and Definition:

Professor Koon ISE 370 Questions?