11.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Goals  Understand Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)  Understand the Domain Name System (DNS)  Understand DNS name resolution  Install and configure the DNS service  Understand Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)  Understand types of remote access connections

11.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Goals (2)  Configure remote access services  Create a remote access policy  Create a VPN server  Examine Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)  Examine Network Address Translation (NAT)

11.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Domain Name System (DNS) is the main name resolution service for Windows Server 2003  DNS servers, also referred to as DNS name servers, perform the task of name resolution to convert host names to IP addresses  The DNS namespace  Has a hierarchical structure  The nodes in this hierarchical structure are called domains  As you add more domains to the DNS hierarchy, the name of the parent domain is added to the child domain or sub- domain Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (Skill 2)

11.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (2)  DNS hierarchy  The domain at the top is called a root domain and is represented by a trailing period  The child domain of the root domain is called a top-level domain  The child domain of a top-level domain is called a second- level domain  A host name is at the bottom of the DNS hierarchy and designates a particular computer  A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) includes a domain name in addition to a host name (Skill 2)

11.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The DNS hierarchy (Skill 2)

11.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure A FQDN (Skill 2)

11.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  On a small network, a DNS server may contain just one database file that stores all of the name-to-IP-address resolution data  In larger networks, it may be necessary to create zones  Zone are distinct, contiguous segments of the DNS namespace  Servers in each zone store records about the resources in that zone in a file called a zone database file  A zone database file contains various types of resource records Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (3) (Skill 2)

11.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  When multiple DNS servers are created in a standard DNS zone, there are two kinds of DNS database files: primary and secondary  Primary database file  Modifications can be made only to the primary database file  Zone transfers occur to replicate any changes to the primary zone database file to the secondary zone database file  Secondary database file servers  Reduce the traffic and query load on the primary database zone server  Provide redundancy so that if the authoritative server is down, the secondary database file servers can service requests Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (4) (Skill 2)

11.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Caching-only name servers  Use caching to store information collected during name resolution  They are not authoritative for any zone  Cache query results to reduce network traffic  A query result can be cached for a specific amount of time called the Time to Live (TTL), after which it is deleted Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS) (5) (Skill 2)

11.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The DNS namespace subdivided into zones (Skill 2)

11.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Client computers can make two standard types of queries to a DNS server: a forward lookup query and a reverse lookup query  A forward lookup query occurs when a client asks the DNS server to resolve a host name to an IP address  A reverse lookup query  Involves resolving a known IP address to a host name  Uses the in-addr.arpa domain, a special second-level domain created expressly for this task Understanding DNS Name Resolution (Skill 3)

11.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Recursive query  A type of forward lookup query used to request that a DNS name server provides the full and complete answer to the query  It is a request for the answer, not for a referral to another DNS server that may be able to answer the query  Iterative query  If the designated DNS name server is unable to resolve the destination host name on its own, it sends an iterative query on behalf of the client to assist in answering the recursive query  Iterative queries allow DNS servers to send back pointer or referrals  Resolver  A host that performs a recursive search and issues iterative queries  Queries other DNS name servers, including root servers, to look up DNS records on behalf of the client Understanding DNS Name Resolution (2) (Skill 3)

11.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Forward lookup queries (Skill 3)

11.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure in-addr.arpa (Skill 3)

11.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Resolving a host name to an IP address (Skill 3)

11.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Considerations  The size of your network is important because key implementation issues will vary for small, mid-sized, and large networks  DNS resilience  Refers to the hardiness of the DNS infrastructure, specifically its ability to continue operating when individual components have been damaged  To ensure DNS resiliency, you should have at least one primary and one secondary DNS server for a domain Installing and Configuring the DNS Service (Skill 4)

11.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Using DNS on an intranet, the Internet, or both  If you plan to use DNS on both, you must decide whether you want to use a single domain name for both, or different domain names for internal and external resources  If you plan to have an Internet presence, you must register your domain name with an Internet naming authority such as Network Solutions  Registering your domain name is not required if you plan to implement DNS only on an intranet, but it is recommended  Types of DNS zones  Root zone is a zone authoritative for the root domain  Forward lookup zones are used to resolve host names to IP addresses  Reverse lookup zones are used to resolve IP addresses to host names Installing and Configuring the DNS Service (2) (Skill 4)

11.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Same internal and external DNS namespace (Skill 4)

11.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Main types of zones  The standard primary zone is the first zone to be created and it is authoritative for one or more domains  Secondary zones  Read-only copies of another zone on the network  Created after the primary zone to provide redundancy for the primary name server  Stub zones are an enhancement to delegated sub-domains that were added as a new feature in Windows Server 2003’s DNS Server service  Active Directory-integrated zone uses Active Directory to store and replicate zone database files Installing and Configuring the DNS Service (3) (Skill 4)

11.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Installing the DNS service (Skill 4)

11.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The dnsmgmt console (Skill 4)

11.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The Select Configuration Action screen (Skill 4)

11.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The Forward Lookup Zone screen (Skill 4)

11.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The Zone Type screen (Skill 4)

11.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The Dynamic Update screen (Skill 4)

11.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure The Reverse Lookup Zone screen (Skill 4)

11.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Reverse lookup zone  Can be created in the console tree  The first reverse lookup zone is a primary zone  If your DNS server is a domain controller and you are creating an Active Directory-integrated zone, you must configure how you want zone data to be replicated  The default configuration is for zone data to be replicated to all domain controllers in the Active Directory domain (domain directory partition) Installing and Configuring the DNS Service (5) (Skill 4)

11.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS  Resource records  A zone must contain the resource records for all resources in the domain for which it is responsible  When a zone is created, DNS automatically adds an SOA (Start of Authority) resource record and a NS (Name Server) resource record Installing and Configuring the DNS Service (6) (Skill 4)

11.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 11: Introducing WINS, DNS, and RRAS Figure Adding a resource record (Skill 4)