First Aid for Colleges and Universities 10 Edition Chapter 12 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Common Sport and Recreational Injuries Slide Presentation prepared by Randall Benner, M.Ed., NREMT-P

Learning Objectives Describe common findings from sporting and recreational injuries. Describe the injuries and first aid care for –Fractured clavicle –Shoulder injury –Dislocated elbow –Fractures to the wrist –Injury to the hand and fingers © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Objectives Describe the injuries and first aid care for –Hip injuries –Injuries to the hamstring and knee ligaments –Dislocated of fractured patella –Achilles tendon rupture –Sprains or fractures of the ankle/foot © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Introduction Due to the nature of sport and recreational activities, accidental injuries are not uncommon. The First Aider often will find themselves in situations where they are the first to help. Understanding common sport and recreational injuries will help the First Aider provide better care. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Fractured clavicle –Most frequently injured bone of the shoulder –Mechanism usually involves a fall with an outstretched hand –Fractures often happen to the middle third of the bone –Blood vessels in close proximity to bone may also be injured © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fractured clavicle symptoms –Pain and deformity –Discoloration, possible skin damage –May feel “lump” at fracture site Fractured clavicle management –Use a sling and swathe, figure-eight bandage, or butterfly sling to stabilize the fracture site. –Apply ice pack or cold compress to fracture. –Allow patient to assume a position of comfort. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Shoulder separation causes and symptoms –Occurs when bones of shoulder come apart –Commonly from direct trauma or fall trauma –Creates severe pain and loss of function –Shoulder looks “squared off” or deformed Shoulder separation management –Use sling and swathe to immobilize shoulder. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Degrees of Shoulder Separation © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Shoulder dislocation causes and symptoms –Outstretched arm with impact forcing arm back –Creates severe pain and loss of function –Injured arm looks longer than other arm –Head of humerus may be felt in armpit Shoulder dislocation management –Assess distal perfusion, activate EMS if absent. –Immobilize in the position found. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Dislocated Shoulder © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Dislocated elbow causes and symptoms –Blunt trauma to upper arm while forearm is stationary –Gross deformity and shortening will be seen –Painful injury with inability to move joint Dislocated elbow management –Assess distal perfusion, activate EMS if absent. –Immobilize in the position found. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Dislocated Elbow © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Fracture of the radial head causes and symptoms –Energy transfer to radial head when falling on outstretched arm causes fracture –Mild deformity, pain, swelling –Pain with inward rotation of hand Fracture of the radial head management –Splint injury in the position found. –Use sling and swathe to support injured arm. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Colles’ and Smith’s fracture causes and symptoms –Same location of injury, mechanism slightly different –Severe pain, swelling, possible loss of function –“Silver fork deformity” may be noted Colles’ and Smith’s fracture management –Splint injury in the position found. –Immobilize wrist and elbow, keep fingers exposed. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Colles’ and Smith’s Fractures © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Injury to carpal bones causes and symptoms –Commonly from falling on an outstretched, extended hand –Pain, tenderness, throbbing in the “snuffbox” Injury to carpal bones management –Immobilize appropriately (with or without deformity). –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Metacarpal fractures causes and symptoms –Can occur to base, neck, or shaft –Mechanisms include twisting, extension, or blunt force –Pain, tenderness, swelling, twisting of finger Metacarpal fractures management –Assess distal circulation, activate EMS if absent. –Immobilize appropriately. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Fractured or dislocated finger causes/symptoms –Fingers are the most commonly broken bones. –Often result from blunt trauma or hyperextension –Pain, swelling, deformity, shortening of finger Fractured or dislocated finger management –Splint with something rigid, and then tape to adjacent finger. –Never attempt to reduce or straighten finger. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand

Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot Sprained thumb causes and symptoms –Injury to ulnar collateral ligament –Commonly results from hyperextension –Pain, swelling, deformity, inabililty to “pinch” Sprained thumb management –Assess distal perfusion. –Immobilize the injury site. –Refer the patient to a physician. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Injured hip causes and symptoms –Multiple traumatic mechanisms –Inability to bear weight, possible limping –Skin bruising, tenderness to the touch –Possible rotation of the leg, loss of function Types of injuries to the hip –Hip pointer –Hip dislocation and fracture –Ischial tuberosity fracture © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Injured hip management –Assess distal sensory and motion. –Immobilize the patient with rigid material. –Use RICE procedures at local injury site. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Hamstring strain causes and symptoms –Injury from flexed hip and extended leg –Muscle strain symptoms may be present –Pain, discomfort, limited movement, tenderness Hamstring strain management –Roller bandage muscle (not too tight). –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. –Activate EMS for transport to hospital. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Injury to Hamstring © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Sprained knee ligament causes and symptoms –Excessive movement beyond normal range of motion –Pain to knee region, loss of function, tenderness –Victim may have heard “popping” sound Sprained knee ligament management –Wrap knee in comfortable position. –Immobilize in the position found. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Dislocated patella causes and symptoms –Twisting, hyperextension, or knock-knee force –Inability to straighten leg, kneecap displaced lateral –Victim may have heard “popping” sound –Extreme pain and swelling Dislocated patella management –Assess distal pulse, activate EMS if absent. –Splint the joint in position found. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Achilles tendon rupture causes and symptoms –Caused by cutting and jumping motions –Victim may have heard “popping” sound –May be deformity to calf region –Positive Thompsen’s test finding Achilles tendon rupture management –Immobilize lower leg with slight foot plantar flexion. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Ankle sprain causes and symptoms –Most common general injury –Foot rolls inward or outward excessively causing ligament injury –Pain, tenderness, difficulty in walking Ankle sprain management –Apply compression with elastic wrap if not deformed, splint if apparently deformed. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. –Elevate limb and arrange for medical transport. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Fractured tibia or fibula causes and symptoms –Direct blow injuries or severe ankle injuries –Swelling, pain, deformity –Increased pain when bottom of foot is tapped Fractured tibia or fibula management –Apply immobilization equipment to stabilize. –Apply ice pack or cold compress for pain. –Arrange for medical transport if definite fracture strongly suspected. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Injuries to the Hip, Leg, Knee, Ankle, and Foot

Fibula Fracture © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Summary Sport and recreational injuries should always be evaluated by a physician. To avoid worsening the injury, immobilize only if you have the proper training and equipment. If you’re not prepared to immobilize, activate EMS, manually stabilize, and use RICE procedure. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.