South Africa Construction and Demolition Deidre De Vos Jan-Harm Steenkamp Theo Ntwe

South Africa  Video in original ppt

Introduction Pinnacle of sustainability Conventional shack Location & Skills

Introduction Unsustainable Construction and the built environment Lack of tenure Inadequate Shelter Inadequate air quality Inadequate services Water and outdoor air pollution Man-made disasters

Procedures and management

1 Extraction Mining & Quarrying – Extraction, Processing, Transportation 2 Manufacturing Value Addition – Processing, Packaging, Transportation 3 Construction New Development – Planning, Design, Site activity 4 Operation and maintenance Renovation & Remodeling – Repair, Replacement 5 Building Removal Demolition – Building destruction, Waste transportation, Waste Disposal Energy Waste Physical resources Financial Implications Environmental

Separation of materials Recycling industries exist in South Africa, but differ tremendously by material type.  Metal recycling is the most successful.  Scrap metal is recycled into building sections, machinery, tools etc.  Wood and asphalt recycling is fairly reasonable.  Rubble is certainly under-recycled, particularly since we have existing best practice examples in the country.  Gypsum, insulation and carpet padding recycling are new markets that need stimulation to flourish.

Reuse, renewing and recycling Basic construction products used in South African  Concrete  masonry walling  windows and doors (including glass and door leafs)  steel products  sanitary ware  ceiling boards  timber,  electrical fittings,  floor finishes,  wall finishes, and insulation materials. Current status in South Africa  Illegal land fill  Informal recycling

Laws and regulations  Socio-economic considerations  Bio-physical considerations  Lack of legislation

Strategies and acts  Agenda 21 for sustainable development  NEMA - National Environmental Management Act  Sub- divided in other acts, for example :  National Environmental Management: Waste Act, Act 59 of 2008  National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD).

Case Study  Refurbishment project for the Construction Industry Development Board (2003)  The case study described the following sustainability objectives :  National empowerment initiatives;  Procurement methods that underpin value, transparency and partnership;  Health and safety, including HIV/Aids awareness; and  Environmental objectives, including design for flexibility and comfort, materials recycling and energy conservation.

 Recovery of the internal face bricks as well as the run-of –the-kiln bricks( rok.’s) Recovery rate:  80% Rok.’s  15% Face bricks Other building materials : MaterialQuantityUsed value(R)New value(R) Doors Partitioning Boards Tiles, wall120 sq.m Case Study

Environmental benefits:  Saves energy  CO2 emissions are reduced  Consumption of raw materials are reduced  Landfill dumping's are reduced Case study shows significance of deconstruction design

Future tactics National Waste Management Strategy Implementation (SA-May 2000)  Waste – resource exchange  i.e. construction and demolition waste, electronics and equipment, rubber, leather and timber. Definition - Industrial Waste Exchange 1.Internationally recognized concept 2.Mechanism for recycling and reusing 3.Linking industrial waste generators to companies renewing and recycling. Trader / Recycler of Used and Baled Waste Paper: Port Elizabeth

Future tactics  Problems with strategy - limits to the system - lack of skills 3 Different approaches 1. Industrial Ecology 2. Industrial Ecosystems 3. Waste minimization clubs

Future tactics  Industrial Ecology - exchange of materials between different industrial sectors where the 'waste' output of one industry becomes the 'feedstock' of another.  Industrial Ecosystems - refer to situations in which a number of different companies, usually in close proximity to each other, exchange various 'waste' outputs.

Future tactics  Waste minimization clubs ( NL 1990) - Waste minimization involves investigating all methods of reducing material/utility use at source and improving process efficiency, thereby reducing emissions to the environment and saving money.  SA Western cape – Savings of 8milion per annum.  The South African Industrial Waste Exchange – 0.16 and 1.26%

Future tactics Deconstruction (Skeleton concept)  Deconstruction of buildings is the main proposed strategy to curb the idea of demolition for future construction of buildings, to enable better re-use and recycling of materials.  Design for deconstruction (DFD) means the design of a building and its components with intent to manage its end-of-life more efficiently.  The main idea is to be able to dismantle building components without demolishing them; therefore the building must be flexible.

Future tactics Deconstruction Principles  The principles governing this are durability and adaptability.  Durability – the ability of the designed building and building materials to withstand all types of conditions overtime.  Adaptability – the ability of the building to be modified, either the interior or exterior to fit the changes of the physical environment.

Future tactics Deconstruction Procedure 1. Selecting the team of designers – the decisions and design of the building determines the retrieve ability of the building components for re-use or recycling. 2. Design of the building – former designs of buildings were built as eternal structures, meaning that if it needed to be re-modified it produced more waste or no option was available but to demolish the building.  Open buildings (permanent core) – the building structure does not stay in a single state for more than a few years or decades, it is continually changed by activities such as remodeling, repair, expansions and maintenance. These activities alter the building’s exterior, interior or both.  Modular buildings (industrially produced)  Portable  On-site assembly  Demountable

Future tactics Deconstruction Procedure 3. Material considerations 4. Principles for achieving flexibility in buildings 5. End use scenario hierarchy of options

Future tactics  Promoting and enhancing industrial waste exchange in South Africa  public-private-partnerships  South African Cleaner Production centers  trading platforms  Linking businesses  funding mechanisms