Arson and Fire Investigation

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Presentation transcript:

Arson and Fire Investigation

Summary Fire: What is fire? Explosives: What are they? Collecting evidence Analyzing evidence Explosives: What are they? Collecting evidence Analyzing evidence

Fire Arson - The crime of maliciously, voluntarily, and willfully setting fire to the building, buildings, or other property of another or of burning one's own property for an improper purpose, as to collect insurance. Arson – The crime of starting an illegal fire.

Fire: rapid oxidation with evolution of heat and light.

Four components of fire: Fuel Heat Oxygen Uninhibited chemical chain reaction

Four components of fire: Fuel: can be solid, liquid or gas Fuel can only consumed in the vapor state Therefore, solids and liquids must first be “vaporized” Burning takes place at the surface of solids and liquids.

Four components of fire: Heat: Temperature Oxygen: found in air; can be used up in closed in spaces. Chemical Chain Reaction must: The oxidation reaction (burning) must produce enough heat to maintain burning The fuel mass must be vaporized and drawn up into the flame.

Fire Investigation: First the point of origin is determined: Where the fires starts Usually contains the most damage. Once point of origin is determined, the cause of the fire is determined.

Who investigates the fire? Fire > Investigation Cause of Fire: Natural Accidental Undetermined Intentional Who investigates the fire? Often, the Fire Department will have an investigative team to determine the cause/origin of a fire. (major events = ATF)

What evidence can be collected? Fire > Investigation What evidence can be collected? Paper/Trash – not much evidence Accelerant – rapid start Chemical device (road flares, propellant) Electronic device for delayed ignition Unburned portions of chemical and electronic devices may be left behind.

Collection of Evidence Fire > Collection Collection of Evidence Even in a large fire, accelerant residues of flammable liquids may be left behind. Common: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil Rarer: alcohol, paint thinner Unusual burn pattern may suggest use of liquid accelerant.

Collection of Evidence Fire > Collection Collection of Evidence Accelerant remains can be detected by tracing the point of origin or canine use. Object containing accelerant must be packaged in air tight container.

Containers for Evidence Fire > Collection Containers for Evidence Metal cans: airtight, but old cans might rust Glass Jars: rubber or glued liners may interfere with results. Special airtight plastic evidence bags: must be properly sealed

Collection of Evidence Fire > Collection Collection of Evidence Along with sample from point of origin, a control sample should be collected. (material from a different room/location) Carpet fibers (synthetics) may be “petroleum” based. Obviously, evidence collection documented with photos, sketches, etc.

Analysis of Accelerants Fire > Analysis Analysis of Accelerants Gas Chromatography separates components and Mass Spectrometry identifies the components.