Cylinder Head Bolts.

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Presentation transcript:

Cylinder Head Bolts

Size of studs Total force acting on the studs : This force is taken by 4 - 6 studs nearest to the cylinder During engine assembly PRE-TENSIONNING force is applied to all studs For a single stud :

CYLINDER HEAD Design depends on the shape of the combustion chamber the arrangement of the valves the position of the spark plugs (SI engines) the position of the injectors (CI engines) the intake and exhaust ducts external piping direction of the cooling fluid

SI ENGINES WITH OVERHEAD VALVES Hemispherical chambers are used with 2 valves Pent - Roof chambers are used with 4 valves Valve Head Diameters Shape Inlet Exhaust Vp (mean) Wedge or Bathtub 0.43-0.46D 0.35-0.37D 15 m/s Bowl-in-piston 0.42-0.44D 0.34-0.37D 14 m/s Hemispherical 0.48-0.5D 0.41-0.43D 18 m/s Four valve Pentroof 0.35-0.37D 0.28-0.32D 20 m/s

SI Combustion Chamber Shapes

SI Combustion Chamber Parameters Chamber compactness Port Design Surface/Volume Ratio Flame Travel Length Squish and swirl type of mixture motion Important Parameter in Modern Designs High rate of flame propagation Better emission control Leaner mixtures Less dissociation Less Heat transfer Less Pumping work

CI Combustion Chambers (Direct Injection)

CI Combustion Chambers (InDirect Injection)

Wall Thicknesses of Combustion Chambers Cast Iron Cylinder Heads (Large CI engines) Aluminium Alloy Cylinder Heads (SI engines) Conservative Approach