Sports Medicine Elbow

Warm Up What are the three bones that make up the arm? 3 minutes

Follow-up Assignment What three articulations make up the elbow joint? Read pages 416-418 and answer the following questions? What three articulations make up the elbow joint? What bones make up each joint? What type of articulation is the elbow? What muscles flex the elbow?

Arm Anatomy Three bones make up the arm: The has three basic joints. _________ The has three basic joints. Shoulder Glenohumeral Elbow ___________ ___________ (Proximal and Distal) Wrist

The Elbow Joint Three articulations ______________: formed by the proximal end of the ulna (trochlear notch) with the distal end of the humerus (trochlea). _____________: formed by the proximal end of the radius with the distal end of the humerus (capitulum). Both make up a ___________ joint. _________________: Formed by the proximal end of the radius and ulna. ____________ joint

Assignment Copy Table 20.1 into your notes from page 417. Muscle Function Brachialis Triceps Brachii (3 Heads) Biceps Brachii (2 Heads) Anconeus Brachioradialis

Upper Arm Muscular Anatomy

Elbow Joint Humeroradial and Humeroulnar Proximal Radioulnar

Elbow Anatomy

Anterior Elbow Musculature

Posterior Elbow Musculature

Elbow Stability _________collateral ligament (_________ Force) The elbow is stabilized by two ligaments: _________collateral ligament (_________ Force) __________ collateral ligament (_________ Force)

Medial Elbow Ligaments

Lateral Elbow Ligaments

Elbow Injuries Common in sports. Range from strains to dislocations. Movement of the Elbow __________________ (Humeroulnar & Humeroradial) ________________ (Radioulnar) Forces on the Elbow ___________ Force: Position of a body part that is bent medially. ___________ Force: Position of a body part that is bent laterally.

Assignment Define olecranon bursitis. What is the most common mechanism of injury? How would you treat it? What is an Ulnar nerve Contusion? What is the common term used to describe this injury? Where is this nerve located? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury? What is epicondylitis? What structures and tissue are involved? What are some common names given to this injury? What are the signs and symptoms of this injury? How would you treat it? What is the most common cause of a ligament sprain in the elbow? What are the signs and symptoms of a ligament sprain?What are the special test used to determine which ligament is injured? What is the mechanism of injury for an elbow dislocation? What are the signs and symptoms? How would you treat this injury? Which structures are usually involved in an elbow fracture? (Be specific) What is the primary mechanism of injury for an elbow fracture? What should be monitored during transportation to the hospital? What is a Volkmann’s contracture?

Olecranon Bursitis Common injury. Due to the lack of protective equipment. Mechanism of Injury __________blow to the olecranon process. Signs and Symptoms Swelling and discoloration over posterior elbow Point tenderness ______________skin temperature Treatment Ice bag Refer to physician to rule out fracture.

Olecranon Bursitis

Epicondylitis Chronic strain and inflammation of the muscles of the forearm at their __________ on the ___________ of the elbow.

Common Names __________ Elbow: (Medial) _____________ Elbow: (Medial)

Mechanism of Injury _______________ Poor or incorrect technique Too many pitches Too many shots taken Poor or incorrect technique Muscle ________________ Insufficient conditioning _________________ equipment. Too small of a racquet

Signs and Symptoms Pain over either the __________ or __________ epicondyle. Point tenderness over the wrist _______________ or wrist _______________. Pain during _____________ wrist flexion or extension. Swelling over the affected epicondyle. _______________

Treatment Determine the ____________ Ice Rest Anti-inflammatory drugs Reduces participation Discontinued participation for a time period. Anti-inflammatory drugs Therapeutic Modalities Rehabilitation exercises.*** Support Brace Refer to physician in severe cases.

Scenario Assignment A 15 year old golfer reports to the athletic training room complaining of medial elbow pain. She states that she does not remember doing anything to cause her arm to start hurting. She has pain and weakness with wrist flexion and pronation. You also notice some mild swelling over the medial epicondyle. She states that the pain gets worse during her golf swing. What injury are you most likely dealing with? Why?

Elbow Sprains Mechanism of Injury Falling __________ with the elbow locked in ____________. ___________ Varus and Valgus Stresses (with elbow locked into extension) Signs and Symptoms Mild swelling and localized pain Difficulty ___________ Pain during function

Treatment of Elbow Sprain Discontinue activity Apply ice and Compression. (Cover the __________ nerve) Apply sling and swathe Refer to physician

Elbow Dislocation

Elbow Dislocations Mechanism of Injury Signs and Symptoms Fall with the elbow in either a hyperextended or flexed position. Anything that causes the radius and ulna to driven posterior. Signs and Symptoms Gross __________ of the elbow. Severe pain and total __________ of the elbow Possible ___________ symptoms involving the _____________ nerve.

Treatment of Elbow Dislocations Immediate application of ice. Splint the elbow and wrist on both the anterior and posterior sides. Treat for shock Refer to physician for immediate reduction.

Reading Assignment Please read the section titled “Elbow Fractures” on pages 174-175 and answer the following questions: Which structures are usually involved in an elbow fracture? (Be specific) What is a Volkmann’s contracture? What should be monitored during transportation to the hospital? What is the primary mechanism of injury for an elbow fracture?

Elbow Fractures Involve the _________ humerus, the __________ radius and ulna. Can develop serious complications due to the ______________structures that are located in the area.

Volkmann’s Contracture Volkmann’s Contracture: _______________ of the muscles of the forearm related to a loss of ________ supply caused by a fracture and/or dislocation of either the radius and ulna or the humerus. If left untreated it can become ____________.

Elbow Fractures Mechanism of Injury Signs and Symptoms Falling on the elbow in a _________ position (Olecranon Process) Falling back on an _______________ elbow. Signs and Symptoms History of significant trauma to the elbow. Immediate swelling Obvious ___________ (Displaced Fracture or Volkmann’s Contracture) Possible _______________ symptoms

Treatment of Elbow Fractures Apply ice immediately. (Avoid ______________) Apply splint _______________. Monitor blood flow __________ to fracture. Treat for shock and arrange for transport to medical facility.