800 B.C.- 500 B.C. Ancient Greece. What is the significance of each poem? Bellwork.

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800 B.C B.C. Ancient Greece

What is the significance of each poem? Bellwork

●Literature reflects changes in the empire - Democratic government, class warfare → forced change ●Connects diverse city-states ●Writing developed out of necessity -Previously spoken word was dominant ●Model for later periods -Both in literature, politics, and culture Historical Parallels

Authors formed dramatic scenes within their literature.  Dramatic scenes were used as a form of entertainment. -A majority of poems and plays contained dramatic scenes.  Highlighted the flaws of the characters thoughts and actions to create dramatic scenes. Tenet #1:

“Danae and Perseus” - Simonides “Oh son, what unbearable pain I’m in!” (Simonides). “And you don’t sense my despair!” (Simonides). “And let this torment end!” (Simonides). Where can you find this Tenet?

Greek Mythology was the basis of many pieces of literature.  Fully developed in 700s B.C.  Belief: their gods were immortal and controlled all aspects of nature.  Three classic pieces of mythological literature:  Theogony (Hesiod)  Iliad (Homer)  Odyssey (Homer) Tenet #2:

“Winter”- Alcaeus “Zeus is pouring; heavy storm is coming from the sky, and the water streams turn to ice” (Alcaeus). "Iliad" - Homer - Setting takes place at Olympus - Refers to characters as sons of the gods - The weather was based off the gods emotions Where can you find this Tenet?

Comedy and tragedy were popular genres for plays. Comedy: The first comedies satirical and mocked men for their vanity and foolishness. Tragedy: Dealt with the big themes of love, loss, and the fraught relationships between men and gods. Tenet #3:

The three great playwrights of tragedy were Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Comic episodes were felt to be out of place in a Greek drama, and therefore when a tragic scene had taken place, the Chorus followed it by a song of poetry. In one play of Euripides, a scene of tragedy was followed by a song in which the Chorus prayed for escape from such sorrows on the wings of a bird to a land where all was peace and beauty. Ex: Could I take me to some cavern for mine hiding, In the hill-tops where the Sun scarce hath trod; Or a cloud make the home of mine abiding, As a bird among the bird-droves of God. Tenet #3 (cont.)

Artist emphasized the beauty of realistic portrayals of the human form. -Art and sculpture served on the whole to glorify human achievement -Even though much of the Greek art was meant to honor gods, those very gods were created in the image of humans Tenet #4:

Features an armed Athena on the principal side, and the athletic event, a chariot race, on the reverse. The goddess is depicted with her characteristic aegis, a goatskin bordered with snakes, helmet, shield, and spear. Panathenaic prize amphora

Poetry and Plays emerge as the dominant form of literature Poems: Epic Narrative-elevated style, heroic achievement emphasized Ex: Homer’s The Odyssey Odysseus symbolizes the ideal honor and superiority Lyric Poetry-sung, usually satirical Tenet #5:

Plays: Available to every member of society Masks usually worn by the actors Key to cultural identity Ex: Sophocles Oedipus Summit of dramatic achievement Literary discussion of human psychology and motivations

The arts were highly stylized, often overly dramatic Ornate language, emphasis on human capability in comparison to others Ex: But you, O Dika, wreathe lovely garlands in your hair, Weave shoots of dill together, with slender hands, For the Graces prefer those who are wearing flowers, And turn away from those who go uncrowned. -Sapphos Where can you find this tenet? Tenet #6:

After an overview of all the tenets, how can you revise your original interpretation of each poem? Discussion

"Ancient Greek Texts from the Epic and Lyrical Poetry of the 8th-6th Century B.C." Ancient Greek Texts from the Epic and Lyrical Poetry of the 8th-6th Century B.C. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov "Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Mythology." Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Mythology. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov “Greek Art.” Greek Art. N.p., n.d Web. 05 Nov “Greek Literature.” Britannica School. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Nov "Greek Mythology." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 05 Nov Guisepe, Robert. “A History of Ancient Greece” Historyworld.org N.p.,1998 web. 05 Nov Works Cited