1 Company profile & Space Science Detector Capabilities - Ian Cox

2 Company Profile Specialist manufacturers of vacuum based detectors and camera systems for photon detection. Photek manufacture Image Intensifiers, PMT’s, Streak Tubes, open faced detectors and a range of associated electronics and camera systems Located in St Leonards-on-Sea – South East England Established September 1991

3 Company Profile 36 Employees –10 sales/administrative –7 R&D –19 production/test 5 employees educated to PHD level Further 8 employees educated to degree level

4 Detector Products MCP image intensifier Ultra fast MCP photomultipliers Streak tubes Magnetic focus image intensifiers De-magnifying gen 1 image intensifiers Vacuum compatible detectors

5 Camera Products Photon counting Nanosecond ICCD Intensified CCD Fluorescence X-ray Particle imaging

6 Electronic Products HT power supplies Nanosecond gating control Laser pulse generator Preamplifier Image intensifier cooling

7 Applications Early warning Missile systems Wafer silicon inspection Astronomy including orbital space science experiments Ultra-high speed cameras Nuclear & high energy physics research Life-science research Industrial processing Security

8 Facilities 1,500m2 factory space Class 100 assembly area Class 10,000 clean room Electro-mechanical vibration table Ultra-high vacuum processing equipment High speed (50 ps) laser pulsing equipment Wet and dry hydrogen stoving capability Inventor 3-D CAD software

9 Facilities – Continued Protel Electronic Design Software Agilent 18 GHz sampling scope LeCroy 5 GHz digital scope Spectrometer Photometer Optical table and dark room facilities Environmental test chamber Phosphor screen production and inspection facilities Optical coating plant

10 Quality Photek operates a company wide quality system based on ISO9000 and TQM principles Currently working towards ISO9000 accreditation with successful implementation expected in 2008 We operate a strict stock control and inspection policy with all items batch controlled and tracked All detectors and systems are fully characterised in out photometry laboratory Each device has a serial number that is used throughout the entire manufacturing process

11 Test and Support Excellent support and test facilities Rigorous testing of all products is completed before release Support question always answered by a technical member of staff. Typically educated to PHD level 12 month warranty on all products Technical support for lifetime of product

12 Space Science Projects ACEAdvanced Composition Explorer XMMUV Optical Monitor MSXUVISI Detector GUVIGlobal Ultraviolet Imager SSUSISpecial Sensor Ultra-violet Spectrographic Imager UVITUltra-Violet Imaging Telescope

13 Advance Composition Explorer CRIS Detector (Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer) –40 mm Image Intensifier with 2 MCP –UV Fibre Optic Input Window –Blue Enhance Cathode to Match Scintillating Fibre Optics –100,000 Gain Uses scintillating fibre optic structure. The detector is to measure direction and energy of cosmic rays

14 UV Optical Monitor Photon Imaging 170 nm to 550 nm region Aligned with X-Ray Telescope Provides Simultaneous Visible, UV and X-ray Images

15 The XMM Detector 25 mm Photon Counting High Sensitivity in the 170 nm to 550 nm Region Built in Fibre Optic Taper Concave Input Window

16 Mid Course Space Experiment Johns Hopkins University Launched 24 April 96 Part of the spectrograph on the UVISI Instrument Diffuse and Discrete Aurora Low Earth Atmosphere Phenomena

17 MSX-UVISI Detector 40 mm Photon Counting Image Intensifier MgF2 Input Window CsI Photocathode 100 nm – 250 nm Response

18 Global Ultra Violet Imager Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Launched on the TIMED Spacecraft during 2001 TIMED is used to study the energetics and dynamics of the Mesosphere and lower Thermosphere between an altitude of approximately 60 to 180 kilometers. GUVI is a far-ultraviolet (115 to 180 nm), scanning imaging spectrograph that provides horizon-to- horizon images in five selectable wavelength intervals

19 GUVI Detector 25 mm UV Photon Counting MgF2 Input Window CsI Photocathode Wedge and Strip Anode 10 6 cps 3x10 6 Gain

20 Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Due to launch on the ASTROSAT spacecraft during 2008 – now delayed until ASTROSAT aims are to investigate the origin and mechanism of radiation emissions in active galactic nuclei. UVIT aims to provide flux calibrated images of the sky in the far-UV, near-UV and visible spectral regions

21 Summary World leading space science vacuum detector manufacturer Photek have the experience and knowledge to produce detectors to the most stringent space science requirements Quality systems in place to ensure repeatability of detector manufacture Test and support facilities give first class support for the lifetime of our detectors

22 Three 40 mm photon counting detectors Far UV ( nm) Near UV ( nm) Visible ( nm) Integrated fibre optic taper with bonded FillFactory Star 250 CMOS sensor UVIT Detectors

23 UVIT Detectors Photek have supplied 7 detectors for the UVIT project NUV EM NUV FM and FS FUV FM and FS VIS FM and FS

24 UVIT Detector

25 Outline Specification FUV Detector nm MgF2 Input Window CsI Solar Blind Photocathode 2x 60:1 40mm MCP’s P46 Phosphor Fibre taper output Star250 Sensor NUV Detector nm Fused Silica Input Window CsTe Solar Blind Photocathode VIS Detector nm Fused Silica Input Window Low Noise S20 Photocathode

26 Spectral Response WavelengthSpecification QEMeasured QE 120nm>5.8% 6.8% 130nm 7.3% 140nm>6.2% 6.2% 150nm 5.3% 160nm>4.2% 4.3% 170nm 3.5% 180nm>1.2% 1.2% 190nm 0.5% 200nm 0.2%

27 Cathode Recess PositionRecess (mm) A2.067mm B2.056mm C2.047mm Centre2.050mm The cathode recess is measured from the front of the DM mounting ring and the front of the input window. A B C View from front of detector

28 Window Thickness PositionOptical Thickness (mm) A3.6mm B C Centre3.6mm The window thickness is an optical measurement from the photocathode surface to the outside surface of the window. A B C View from front of detector

29 Cathode to MCP Gap PositionGap (mm) A0.11mm B C0.10mm Centre0.11mm The cathode gap is measured from the photocathode surface of the input window to the front of the MCP A B C View from front of detector

30 Electrical – Operating Voltages OptimalMaximumO/V Test Cathode-270V -300V MCP2350V2600V2860V Anode5000V5500V6000V Cathode and MCP voltage WRT ground (MCP Input). Anode voltage WRT MCP output. Optimal voltages are voltages as tested at Photek The maximum specified voltages should not be exceeded Each electrode has been over voltage (O/V) tested to the stated value

31 Resolution WavelengthCathode VoltageResolution 185nm microns FWHM

32 FUV FM Gain Calibration -100V-50V+50V+100VNominal Cathode -270V MCP 2580V Anode 3500V Cathode -270V MCP 2480V Anode 4000V Cathode -270V MCP 2400V Anode 4500V Cathode -270V MCP 2350V Anode 5000V Cathode -270V MCP 2300V Anode 5500V Nominal

33 Event Size Cathod e MCPAnode-100V-50VNominal+50V+100V *2.2* Note: The approximate FWHM of the event footprints has been measured and the results shown above for a range of operating voltages.

34 Dark Noise 2 Hour Dark Noise No bright defects detectable Average rate 5cps Count rate graph shows variation of count rate on a 1 second timescale.

35 Image Alignment A B C View from front of detector D Star250 Readout

36 Uniformity Horizontal / vertical cathode uniformity Average uniformity SD/Mean=4.5%

37 Environmental Testing 1.Encapsulation of detector 2.24 Hour / 40C Bake to cure Arathane 3.Qualification level thermal cycle 4.Bond Star250 sensor 5.Vacuum Test 6.Acceptance level thermal cycle 7.Acceptance level vibration tests 8.Final acceptance tests Note: Detector is tested after each stage of environmental testing

38 Vacuum Test Photek do not have full thermal vacuum test facilities. The following compromise test was agreed: 1.Place detector in a vacuum chamber 2.Leave for 24 3.Increase the room temperature to 30C and leave for 48 hours 4.Reduce room temperature back to 20C and leave for 24 hours

39 Thermal Cycle Qualification Level Thermal Cycle Acceptance Level Thermal Cycle Note: Short cycles 2hrs, long cycles 24 hrs +35˚C -15˚ C +45˚C -25˚C Peaks +30˚C -10˚C +40˚C -20˚C Peaks

40 Sine Vibration Frequency (Hz)Acceptance level 5 – 208.3mm (0-Peak) 20 – g 50 – 7010g 70 – g Sweep rate4 oct. / min.

41 Random Vibration Frequency (Hz) Acceptance Level PSD (g 2 / Hz) 20 – dB / oct. 100 – – dB / oct. Overall RMS9.9 g

42 Thank you for listening