AK 1 CHP and DH in Finland Antti Kohopää Finnish Energy Industries

2 District heating and cooling 2011 Heat sales (incl. taxes)1 930 mill. € Sold heat energy30.1 TWh Average price of DH (incl. taxes)63.9 EUR/MWh Inhabitants in DH apartments2.7 mill. (50 % of population) Market share of district heat46 % Sold district cooling energy123 GWh AK

AK 3 District heating companies in Finland Around 150 independent district heating companies –Own strategies, prices, contracts, customers –Size of companies varies from under 5 GWh to over 7000 GWh of sold district heat Typically owned by municipalities, –97 % of companies, 86 % of sales Around 40 district heating companies produce also electricity (CHP)

AK 4 Competition in non-regulated heating markets Traditionally market-oriented approach –The DH companies are operated on a business basis –Free competition between different heating forms in heating markets –Main rule: No obligations to join or connect buildings to DH-networks One third of district heat is produced by another company than the one, which distributes it –No mandatory third party access but business based cooperation

AK 5 No specific regulation for district heating District heating companies are mainly supervised by general legislation like competition and consumer protection legislation, and related authorities The Finnish Competition Authority considers that DH companies are in so-called dominant market position towards their customers –Competition legislation prohibits the misuse of the dominant market position

AK 6 Prices of district heat in Finland Each company decides its tariffs and prices itself No price regulation but some requirements because of the dominant market position: –Price level of DH may not be excessive –It’s not allowed to catch customers with a too favourable (dumping) product –Same kind of customers must be treated in a same way

–If different products (heat, steam, electricity etc.) are delivered to the same customer, the product prices may not be artificially bound to each other –Extra services, which are under competition, must be priced according their costs –Price setting has to be sufficiently cost related and transparent  Finnish companies obey the rules and the requirements AK 7 Prices of district heat in Finland

District heating in Finland Relations Between Different Actors AK 8 District Heating Customer District Heating Company tariff contract Authorities Consumer Agency and Consumer Ombudsman Finnish Competition Authority (Energy Market Authority) complaints Representatives of customers Finnish Energy Industries consultations recommendations actions

Temperature corrected district heat consumption, TWh AK

District cooling – delivered energy and connected heat load AK 10

Net Supplies of Electricity 2011 (84.4 TWh) AK 11

District heat production and the share of cogenerated heat AK 12

Fuel consumption in production of district heat and CHP AK 13

Renewable energy sources in production of district heat and CHP AK 14

Promotion of renewable sources in Finland State subsidies for power production –Wind, forest chips, small scale biogas and woodfuels Market orientated and technology neutral policy instruments –ETS –Harmonisation at the EU level Long term goals Acceptability and sustainability of forest fuels Availability of forest fuels AK 15

AK 16 Outcomes of the free competition – Natural incentive to be efficient Lowest district heating prices in western Europe and lowest in the EU compared to purchasing power Most reliable DH system – service security of % Average network heat loses 8 % - lowest in Europe Highest total efficiency of CHP-plants (83 %) Based on the customer satisfaction surveys DH customers are satisfied

AK 17 Thank you! Antti Kohopää Finnish Energy Industries – District heating division Tel