By: Ciara Horne and Charlotte Emmanuel

Founder of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1921 Rivalry with nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) Party Established by Sun Yat-sen, who was succeeded by Chiang in 1927 Chiang was able to overcome warlords and establish a nationalist central government Chiang killed thousands of Communists → Initiated Civil war between Nationalists & Communists Found support from peasants - Believed that peasants had true power Peasants supported him by joining his army (Red Army) His army was able to outlast the KMT’s → Chiang flees, making him the leader of China EARLY POLITICAL CAREER

Mao began a school to educate farmers and workers who wanted to learn Chinese and arithmetic. Organized unions for workers who were ignored and encouraged strikes. In 1927 Mao began planning for a massive uprising of an estimation of ten million peasants. On April 12, 1927 Chiang Kai-shek ordered the expulsion of communists from China to prevent peasants from uprising – which was nicknamed the White Terror. In 1939, Mao began working on another peasant uprising in Hunan and Kiangsi. Autumn uprising failed, however, because of a lack of military supplies. Peasants became disheartened at the lack of progress to close the gap between them and the warlords. The army that remained became known as the Red Army, with Mao as commander. SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

January 1958 Mao launched “The Great Leap Forward” to increase agricultural and industrial production and have China turn into industrial country within fifteen years. Workers were sent back to their communes to work with each family receiving a small plot of land. Mao urged the peasants to build backyard blast furnaces to produce steel. Production of steel was unusable due to the poor quality. Effected agricultural production because peasants neglected crop production and harvests were left to rot. Widespread of famine occurred with entire villages dying from starvation. Estimation of 40 million people died between 1959 and THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

Cultural Revolution was the name given in Mao’s attempt to reassert his authority back in China. Mao believed that China’s progress had led to a privileged class developing. - He believed that these people were acquiring too much power. - Wanted a classless society. Was concerned that a new class of mandarins were emerging in China who had no idea about the lifestyle of a normal Chinese. - Groups of youths named Red Guards were encouraged to criticize those who Mao deemed untrustworthy. - Red Guards were encouraged to carry a little red book of Mao’s quotations. Enthusiasm of the Red Guards pushed China into social turmoil. - Groups within the Red Guards fought each other due to different beliefs of how China should be governed. - Activities within the Red Guards got out of control. - Schools and colleges were closed and economy started to suffer. In October 1968, Liu Shao-chi was expelled from the party and wasn’t until then Mao stopped the Cultural Revolution. - Mao saw Shao-chi as a rival. CULTURAL REVOLUTION

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