System Software: Operating Systems and Utility Programs Chapter 5

2 Overview  This chapter covers:  Differences between system software and application software  Functions of and differences among operating systems  Various types of operating systems  Functions of and various types of utility programs  A look at the possible future of operating systems

SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM UTILITIES The operating system and utility programs that control how a computer works and allow you to use your computer Programs that allow you to perform specific tasks on a computer

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition System Software and Application Software SYSTEM SOFTWARE 4  Starts and runs the computer  Finds monitors, printers  Displays desktop  Launches applications  Manages files (storage)  Controls hardware configuration  Protects from unauthorized use  Backup/recovery  Word processing  Playing a game  Preparing taxes  Surfing the Web  Listening to our iPOD’s  Watching movies APPLICATION SOFTWARE

5 System Software: The Operating System  Operating system: A collection of programs that manage and coordinate the activities taking place within a computer system  Acts as the intermediary (middleman) between the user and the computer  Stored in the WINDOWS folder

6 Functions of an Operating System  Interfacing with users  Command line vs. graphical user interface (GUI)  Too many icons on your desktop can slow your computer down

7 Functions of an Operating System  Booting the computer  Kernel is loaded into memory  Processes are started  msconfig used to control startup of processes  Configuring devices  Device drivers are often needed  Plug and Play devices are recognized automatically

8 Functions of an Operating System  Managing resources and jobs  Makes resources available to devices  Monitors for problems  Scheduling routines  File management  Keeps track of files stored on computer  Hierarchical format  Security  Passwords  Biometric characteristics  Firewalls

9 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency  The need for speed  3 M ‘s:  Multi-tasking  The ability of an operating system to have more than one program (task) open at one time  Multi-threading  The ability to rotate between the steps with a task (called threads) so that processing is completed faster and more efficiently  Multi-processing  The ability of the operating system to support Multiple processors (or multiple cores)  performs work more efficiently, by each core taking a task, or each core splitting up a task

10 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency  The need for speed  Memory management: Optimizing the use of main memory (RAM)  Virtual memory: Memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as additional RAM

11 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency  The need for speed  Buffering and spooling: Used with printers and other peripheral devices  Buffer: area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out of the system  Spooling: placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Review  2 TYPES of software?  Functions of Operating System?  GUI?  Buffer and Spool?  What are the 3 “M”’s  What is memory management?  What are the main security features?

13 Operating Systems  Personal operating system  Used by us  Designed to be installed on a single computer  In business, can connect to a Network server  Network Server operating system  Used by businesses  Designed to be installed on a special computer called a network server  Mobile operating systems  Used in small devices, like phones, tablets  Embedded operating systems  Used in non-computing devices, like Cars, GPS

14 Server Operating Systems

15 Differences Among Operating Systems  Operating Systems are built for technology/hardware  Types of CPU’s (processors) supported  Desktop, Mobile, Server, etc.  Number of processors (single, multiple)  32-bit or 64-bit CPUs (64 bit is now standard)  Support for other technologies  New types of buses (makes it speedy!)  Power-saving features (keeps the electric bill down)  Touch and gesture input (easy input)

16 Operating Systems for Personal Computers  DOS: Disk Operating System  PC-DOS: Created originally for IBM microcomputers  MS-DOS: used with IBM-compatible computers  DOS traditionally used a command-line interface  Can enter DOS commands in Windows

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition GUI Operating Systems

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Windows Operating Systems (Microsoft) Personal (predominate)  Windows 1.x (DOS)  Windows 2.0 (DOS)  Windows 3.x (DOS,GUI)  Windows 95 (no DOS)  Windows 98  Windows NT (32 bit)  Windows ME (home networks)  Windows 2000 (wireless)  Windows XP  Windows Vista  Windows 7  Windows 8 Server  Windows 2000  Windows 2003  Windows 2008  Windows Home Server (2011)  Windows bit, ran on 186, 286,386, Pentium 1,11 III CPU’s 32 bit, Pentium IV CPU’s 64 bit, I3,I5,I7 CPU’s

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Unix Operating Systems UNIX  MAC OS (Apple machines)  Based on the UNIX operating system  Originally set the standard for graphical user interfaces  Most recent personal version  Mac OS X Mavericks  Traditionally code names based on big cats ( cheetah, puma, jaguar, panther, tiger, leopard, snow leopard and lion)  New features like Time Machine, Stacks, Quick Look, Boot Camp MAC  Unix  late 1960s for midrange servers  Bell Laboratories  Linux  Much less expensive than Windows or Mac OS  Open Source  Linus Torvald

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Mobile Operating Systems  Windows Mobile  Designed for mobile phones  Look and feel of desktop versions  Windows Embedded  Designed for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers  Cash register, GPS devices, ATMs, medical devices and robots.  Windows Automotive and Microsoft Auto for cars  Ford Sync  Android  Linux based OS developed by Open Handset Alliance (including Google)  Code names based on deserts! (froyo, gingerbread, honeycomb, ice cream sandwich, Jelly bean, KitKat)  iPhone OS  Designed for Apple Mobile phones and mobile devices.  BlackBerry Operating System  Designed for BlackBerry devices  Palm OS and Palm webOS  Designed for Palm devices  Symbian OS  Designed for use with smart phones like Nokia  Other mobile devices  Use Embedded Linux  GPS devices, appliances

21 Larger Computer Operating Systems  Larger computers sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of computer  IBM’s z/OS and i/5OS run on IBM mainframes  UniSys OS-2200 run on UniSys mainframes  Windows, UNIX, and Linux are also used with both mainframes and supercomputers  Sun Solaris, HP UX, IBM AIX  FYI: Linux computers can be linked together to form a supercomputing cluster

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Review  What are the two forms of DOS?  What are the 3 main PC operating systems?  What is the name of the file management utility in a Windows operating system?  What are the two main types of software? S___ and A__  The first type has two categories: O___ and U___  Which of the above performs “back-ups”?  Which one protects the PC from illegal use?  The need for speed:  What are the “3 M’s”  What is virtual memory? Where is it?  What is buffering and spooling?

23 Utility Programs  Utility program  Software that performs a specific task, related to managing or maintaining the computer system  Many utilities are built into operating systems  File Management  Search  Diagnostic  Disk Management  Backup  Utilities are also available as stand-alone products and as suites

24 File Management Programs  File management Utilities: Enable the user to perform file management tasks, such as:  Looking at the contents of a storage medium  Copying, moving, and renaming files and folders  Deleting files and folders  File management program in Windows is Windows Explorer (Computer)

25 Utility Programs  Search tools:  Designed to search for files on the user’s hard drive  Diagnostic programs:  Evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any errors found  Disk management programs:  Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive  Uninstall utilities:  Remove programs from your hard drive without leaving bits and pieces behind  Clean up utilities:  Delete temporary files

26 Utility Programs  Backup and recovery utilities: Make the backup and restoration process easier  Backup: Duplicate copy of data or other computer content  Good backup procedures are critical for businesses  Individuals should back up important documents, , photos, home video, etc.  Store backup data on a CD or DVD, second hard drive, flash memory drive, or upload to the Internet  Back up your entire computer once all programs have been installed, so your system can be restored to that configuration.

27 The Future of Operating Systems  Will continue to become more user-friendly  Will eventually be driven primarily by a voice interface  Likely to continue to become more stable and self-healing  Will likely continue to include improved security features and to support multiple processors and other technological improvements  May be used primarily to access software available through the Internet or other networks

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition Review  What was the very first operating system for a personal computer called?  Are operating systems today text-based?  What does the term “user interface” mean?  How many versions of Microsoft Windows are there?  What are the 2 most recent versions of Windows?  What are some of the things utility programs do?  Are utility programs built into the operating system?  Are utility programs sold separately?