Allissa Cembrook. Financial Basics  Investors purchase shares in the hopes that the company does well and will pay dividends to its shareholders.  Financial.

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Presentation transcript:

Allissa Cembrook

Financial Basics  Investors purchase shares in the hopes that the company does well and will pay dividends to its shareholders.  Financial derivatives are contracts between a writer (seller) and a holder (buyer). Derivatives are based on some underlying equity.

Financial Derivatives  Financial derivatives are contracts that are based on the expected future price of an asset (i.e. currencies, commodities, securities).  They are considered to be extremely profitable but also can be extremely risky.  Used for hedging, arbitrage, speculation  Examples: forwards, options, swaps, futures

Role of Derivatives in the Financial Crisis of 2008  Mortgage-backed securities  Long Term Capital Management  Credit Default Swaps  Collateralized Debt Obligations  Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch

Definition of a Basket Option  A basket option is a type of financial derivative whose underlying asset is a “basket” of commodities, securites, and currencies.  Basket options are usually cash settled.  Also called a Multifactor Option, whose payoff depends on the performance of two or more underliers.

Basket Options A basket option is a form of a financial derivative. This option is based on two or more underlying assets. The payoff of this option is a function of a weighted average of these underlying assets. Some examples of basket options include Options on a Portfolio and Index options.

Why?  Basket options are typically used by large corporations to hedge their risk in the foreign exchange markets.  By using a basket option, the corporation can hedge their risk on multiple currencies at once instead of purchasing options on each individual currency.

Correlation between Underliers  From the perspective of this project, I will be investigating the changes in the price of an option when the correlation between the assets in the basket is constant and when it is variable.  Basket options are typically a weighted average of the underlying equities. First, I will look at the pricing of basket options when the correlation factor, rho, is constant.

Initial Steps in R  Set up parameters for the option Starting Stock Price Riskless Interest Rate Drift (sigma) Time to expiry  Set up empty matrices for two stocks  Define number of random walks needed  Set up an empty payoff vector

Initial Steps in R (cont’d)  Create random variables Z1 and Z2 such that the following is true: Z1=sigma1*N(0,sqrt(dt)) Z2=rho*Z1+(1-rho^2)*sigma2*N(0,sqrt(dt))  Create loops that generate the random walks  Evaluate the payoff The difference between the average of the final stock price and the strike or nothing if the difference is negative.

Next Steps for the Project  Correlation factor that is variable How does this variation affect the price of the option?  Investigate the implications of adding a third asset to the basket. How does the code in R change? How does the pricing change?  Apply a basket option to a set of actual underliers (i.e. Google, Apple, etc.).