Promoter structure and gene regulation

Bacterial Promoters Source:

a, Simple eukaryotic transcriptional unit. A simple core promoter (TATA), upstream activator sequence (UAS) and silencer element spaced within 100–200 bp of the TATA box that is typically found in unicellular eukaryotes. b, Complex metazoan transcriptional control modules. A complex arrangement of multiple clustered enhancer modules interspersed with silencer and insulator elements which can be located 10–50 kb either upstream or downstream of a composite core promoter containing TATA box (TATA), Initiator sequences (INR), and downstream promoter elements (DPE). Source: Transcription regulation and animal diversity (2003), Levine&Tjian, Nature 424, Transcription regulation and animal diversity

Transcription factors (TFs) bind to specific sites (transcription-factor binding sites; TFBS) that are either proximal or distal to a transcription start site. Sets of TFs can operate in functional cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) to achieve specific regulatory properties. Interactions between bound TFs and cofactors stabilize the transcription-initiation machinery to enable gene expression. The regulation that is conferred by sequence-specific binding TFs is highly dependent on the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. Source: Applied bioinformatics for the identification of regulatory elements, Wasserman&Sandelin, NatRevGen 5, (2004)Applied bioinformatics for the identification of regulatory elements

Source: Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter elements derived from 502 unrelated promoter sequences (1990), P.Bucher, J Mol Bio, 212, J Mol Bio, 212,

Source: Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoter elements derived from 502 unrelated promoter sequences (1990), P.Bucher, J Mol Bio, 212, J Mol Bio, 212,

Eukaryotic Promoters Source:

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