Rethinking the PhD in the Humanities Russell A. Berman Stanford University

Importance of Doctoral Education Contributions to the Social Good Intellectual and Career Growth for the Student Vitality of the Research Community in its Pursuit of Knowledge

Why Change Now? Many current problems are hardly new— especially the limited academic job market. What makes these matters especially urgent today?

Why Change Now? Long Standing Problems Reach a Tipping Point: Post 2008 Academic Job Market Student Debt Crisis Casualization of the Academic Workforce Time To Degree

Doctorate Recipients in English Reported on the U. S. Survey of Earned Doctorates and MLA Job Information List Ads in English, 2004–05 to 2011–12

Doctorate Recipients in Spanish Reported on the U. S. Survey of Earned Doctorates and MLA Job Information List Ads Tagged for Spanish, 2004– 05 to 2011–12

Percentage of Doctorate Recipients Completing Degrees in Six Years or Less, by Discipline, 1961–65 to 2006–10

Initial Employment Placements of Graduates from U. S. Doctoral Programs in English, Fourteen MLA Surveys of Doctoral Student Placement, 1976–77 to 2009–10

Initial Employment Placements of Graduates from U. S. Doctoral Programs in Languages Other than English, Fourteen MLA Surveys of Doctoral Student Placement, 1976–77 to 2009–10

Snapshot: June 2014 Stanford DLCL 15 PhD’s: 14 firm placements 2 TT placements: 14.3% 8 NTT placements: 57.1% NTT include 5 at Stanford, 1 international 4 Private Sector: 28.6% Titles: Chief Content Officer, Partner Operations, Digital Marketing Manager, Content Specialist: Trust and Safety Operations Team

Why Change Now? Opportunity to Respond to New Potentials New Forms of Collaboration and Communication Digital Scholarship: Technology Public Concern with Education (Learning Outcomes)

Framing Principles of the MLA Task Force Report Excellence Accessibility Broadened Career Paths Focus on Graduate Students’ Needs

Redesign the Doctoral Program Form and Pacing of Course Work Non-course-based activities: paracurriculum Modes of Evaluation Character of Qualifying Exams The Dissertation Prospectus

Engage More Deeply with Technology Programs should link technology training to student research questions, supporting this training as they would language learning or archival research and partnering where appropriate outside the department to match students with relevant mentors or practicum experiences.

Reimagine the Dissertation Departments should expand the spectrum of forms the dissertation may take. […] Departments should advocate the validity of alternatives to the proto-print book dissertation as a basis for initial hire. They should similarly challenge expectations for book publication as the primary criterion for conferral of tenure.

Reduce the Time To Degree Departments should design programs that can normally be completed in five years. Because individual circumstances may vary, some students may take longer, while others will be able to complete more quickly.

Strengthen Teaching Preparation Departments should provide sufficient teaching opportunities for students and ensure that their teaching experience is designed to enhance their professional development. Teaching opportunities should be accompanied by course work, practical experience, and mentoring.

Expand Professionalization Opportunities While the opportunities for expanding the repertoire of skills will no doubt become part of currently established courses, departments should also build partnerships with other units on campus— a humanities center or institute, a digital lab in the library, or the graduate school.

Use the Whole University Community Doctoral programs should look beyond their departmental boundaries and seek out professionals in the university, many of whom may not be regular faculty members, who can provide useful mentorship to graduate students, as a group and individually.

Redefining DGS and Placement Officer DGS as Change Agent Placement Officer and Broader Perspectives for advising

Validate Diverse Career Outcomes Departments should guarantee that graduate students understand the full range of potential career outcomes.

Rethink Admissions Practices Departments should develop admissions practices and policies appropriate to the changing character of doctoral education and the broadened range of career opportunities.

Points of Controversy Critics’ Call to Protect Jobs by Limiting Access Defense of the Long Time to Degree as Necessary Insistence that the PhD is only for Professorships See my comments in IHE July 21, 2014

Why This Can Happen Job Market Changes Reforms Already Under Way TTD is declining already (if slowly) But Need for Leadership and Dedication