Seth Begay

 Ad Hoc networks are decentralized networks in which each node can act as a router  Does not require pre-existing infrastructure to operate  Periodic beacons are sent out to discover neighbors Source:

 What can it be used for?  Intelligent Transportation Systems  Alert drivers of traffic conditions and hazards  Vehicle security  Passenger entertainment Source:

 Topology Based  Proactive – Uses routing tables similar to conventional routing  Reactive – Table-less routing method  Position Based  Uses destination location (obtained via GPS) in header to route data from source

 Maintains routing table to all known destinations  Updates are advertised to neighbors  Small delay in route discovery  High overhead for maintaining routing tables in dynamic VANETs

 Complete routing tables are not maintained, only those that are in use  Query packets are flooded into network for route discovery  When a route is found, forwarding nodes cache routes for future use

 Periodic beacons sent by nodes to find positional information of neighbors (obtained by GPS)  Routing decisions are made by geographical position of destination  Packets are forwarded to nodes that are closer to destination

 High speed of vehicles  Unpredictable connectivity  Environment characteristics  Structures, terrain Source:

 Unpredictable node density Source: Source: Daraghmi, Yousef-Awwad, Chih-Wei Yi, and Ivan Stojmenovic. "Forwarding Methods in Data Dissemination and Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." IEEE Network 27.6 (2013): Web.

Daraghmi, Yousef-Awwad, Chih-Wei Yi, and Ivan Stojmenovic. "Forwarding Methods in Data Dissemination and Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." IEEE Network 27.6 (2013): Web. Geier, Jim. " Beacons Revealed." Wi-Fi Planet. QuinStreet Inc., 31 Oct Web. 12 Nov Goyal, Priyanka, Er. A. Soni, Ashu Dalal, and Arun Jain. "A Review on Routing Protocols Used in VANET." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 5.6 (2014): Web. Qureshi, Kashif N., and Abdul H. Abdullah. "Topology Based Routing Protocols for VANET and Their Comparison with MANET." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 58.3 (2013): Web. Rahem, Abd A.T., Mahamod Ismail, Ariff Idris, and Aymen Dheyaa. "A Comparative and Analysis Study of VANET Routing Protocols."Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 66.3 (2014): Web.