NOAA’s Global Ocean Observations for Climate International Workshop on the POSEIDON Project: Tropical Ocean Dynamics and Mid-latitudinal Phenomena in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean October 22, 2009 Cheju, South Korea Dr. Sidney Thurston NOAA Climate Program Office Office of Climate Observation

Presentation Overview Overview: NOAA’s Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Resource Sharing Partnerships Are Central to Success Emerging Indian Ocean Science and IndOOS Implementation NOAA’s Partnerships With India and Indonesia Potential US-Korea Collaborative Topics for GAIA and POSEIDON: Western Equatorial Pacific Time Series Observations Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF) Eastern Indian Ocean in-situ Observations

Weather Watches, warnings, floods, hurricanes, Weather Radio... Ocean Coral reefs, tides, currents, buoys, marine sanctuaries, estuaries, diving, spills Satellites Real-time imagery, environmental, geostationary and polar satellites Fisheries Protecting marine mammals, sea turtles, habitats, statistics, economics, enforcement Climate El Niño & La Niña, global warming, drought, climate prediction, archived weather data, paleoclimatology Research Environmental labs, air quality, atmospheric processes, climate and human interactions Coasts Coastal services & products, Great Lakes, coastal zone management Charting & Navigation Nautical & navigational charts, mapping, remote sensing, safe navigation

New NOAA Chief Climate change is real. It is here, and it is happening now, in our backyards and around the globe. NOAA is committed to helping governments, businesses, and communities manage climate risks, adapt to changing conditions, and reduce the threat of climate change. Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D. Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

NOAA’s Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Ocean Climate Observation Program Atmospheric Climate Observation Program Climate Change Data and Detection Program Arctic Research Program photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

Office of Climate Observation Mission Build and sustain a global climate observing system that will respond to the long-term observational requirements of the operational forecast centers, international research programs, and major scientific assessments. [Today: Focus on the Ocean]

Capabilities Required Global coverage by moored and drifting buoy arrays, profiling floats, tide gauge stations, and ship-based systems. Continuous satellite missions for sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface vector wind, ocean color, and sea ice. Data, assimilation, and modeling subsystems System management and product delivery

The International Plan is in place GCOS-92: Initial GOOS GEOSS Ocean Baseline UNFCCC Priority Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92: Objective Tsunami Additional Drivers IPY IOOS, Regional GOOS

The Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets Total in situ networks 61% October 2007 87% 100% 59% 81% 100% 73% 62% 48% 34% Milestones Drifters 2005 Argo 2007

Relative Contributions to the International Global Ocean Observing System 15 Countries contribute 95% of the global system

Reframing the Ocean Climate Observation Program Global Average Sea Level Change The first 10 years Ocean Storage of CO2 World Ocean Heat Content The next 10 years From: Developing Foundation Infrastructure. To: Delivering Climate Change Information. Global Average Sea Surface Temperature Arctic Sea Ice Extent National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 11 11

Climate Information Example: Air-Sea Exchange of Heat and Water 87% of Earth’s rain and snow comes directly from the Ocean Global Average Sea Surface Temperature Rising sea surface temperature leads to more evaporation from the ocean Globally-averaged Evaporation Measuring Ocean Temperature and Evaporation with buoys, ships, and satellites More evaporation from the Ocean leads to more water in the atmosphere Deploying a Surface Drifting Data Buoy Repairing a Tropical Moored Buoy Daily Sea Surface Temperature observations from the Global Ocean Observing System. NOAA provides 48% of the platforms in this international system. Ocean Climate Reference Station 12 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 12

International Partnerships are Central A global system by definition crosses international boundaries. NOAA’s contributions are managed in cooperation with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) -- presently 73 nations.

Tropical Moored Buoys TAO/TRITON sustained PIRATA Extensions implemented Indian Ocean RAMA being Implemented

JAMSTEC-NOAA Partnership

ダイポールモードとそのテレコネクションの三角関係 A Schematic Diagram of the IOD Influence on the Summer Conditions in the Northern Hemisphere ダイポールモードとそのテレコネクションの三角関係

Indian Ocean Climate Science Drivers Seasonal monsoons Cyclones and synoptic scale events Intraseasonal Madden Julian Oscillation ( ENSO, west coast US weather, hurricanes) Interannual variations: the Indian Ocean Dipole Decadal variability Warming trends since the 1970s Complex ocean circulation Poorly understood biogeochemistry Indian Ocean Dipole

NOAA’s Collaborative Activities Eastern Indian Ocean Observations ATLAS Climate & DART Tsunami Moorings Indonesian Throughflow Monitoring X

World Ocean Conference 2009 11-15 May Manado North Sulawesi "Climate Change Impacts To Oceans and The Role of Oceans To Climate Change" Capacity Building Workshops ATLAS Moorings Education Shiptime Jointly Develop InaGOOS and RAMA

Sanur Bali Indonesia 6-10 October, 2009 5th DKP-BPPT-NOAA Capacity Building Workshop Theme: Planning For Climate Change in the Coastal and Marine Environment Demonstrate the Crucial Role of Ocean Observations for Understanding and Predicting climate,   Demonstrate the Societal and Economic Benefits of Delivering Enhanced Ocean Observing System Data for Better Informed Decisions, Learn Practical Application of a Planning Model for Addressing Impacts from Climate Change in the Coastal and Marine Environment, Become Familiar with Tools for Assessing Community Resilience, Vulnerability and Risk to Local Communities and Natural Resources, Learn How to Select and Evaluate Adaptation Measures (Soft and Hard) for Managing Impacts From Climate Change. Sanur Bali Indonesia 6-10 October, 2009

Baruna Jaya ATLAS RAMA Moorings Servicing

The Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets Resource Formula: Partners provide ship time (~150-200 days) NOAA provides most equipment

Overview Of MoES-NOAA Partnership Based on Science Drivers & Societal Applications Broad Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) NOAA-Wide Implementing Arrangements (IA) Research moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and prediction (RAMA) – OAR/PMEL, Signed April 2008 Climate Model and Ocean Assimilation Analyses for the Indian Ocean Region – OAR/GFDL, Signed September 2008 Climate Monitoring and Prediction System for the South Asian Region – NWS/CPC, Signed September 2008 South Asian Regional Reanalysis (SARR)– CPO/U Md, Signed September 2008 INSAT-3D Satellite Data –NESDIS, To Be Signed Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gas Measurements and Research – OAR/ESRL, Signed Autumn 2009 Frame work for India–US Collaboration On Tropical Cyclone Research– OAR/HRD, Signed Autumn 2009

Deployment Plan with Ministry of Earth Sciences for 2009

Mahe, Seychelles to Pemba, Mozambique 18-27 Nov 2008 RAMA and ASCLME 2 ATLAS and 4 Argo floats deployed during ASCLME cruise on R/V Fridtjof Nansen Mahe, Seychelles to Pemba, Mozambique 18-27 Nov 2008 8°S, 55°E R/V Fridtjof Nansen ASCLME Cruise Track ATLAS The ASCLME (Agulhas Somali Large Marine Ecosystems) Project conducts research cruises in the western Indian Ocean to fill gaps in our understanding of ecosystem-level processes which affect sustainable management decisions. Nine countries are involved: Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa and Tanzania; ASCLME is a 5 year programme (2007-2011) funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 21 Nov 08

KORDI-NOAA Letter of Intent Areas of Cooperation in Ocean Climate: Equatorial time series observations; Ocean carbon monitoring and research; Climate prediction modeling; Coral paleoclimatology; Ship-time sharing; Polar research; Ocean energy; Ocean exploration; Real-time coastal and ocean observations; Projects of mutual interest involving international organizations and fora; Visits and exchange of scientists, experts, or personnel; and Other areas of mutual interests to both organizations

KORDI-NOAA Next Steps Together GAIA Interim Dialogue to develop a new climate change related observation program for the Equatorial western Pacific ITF Eastern Indian Ocean Spring 2010 KORDI-NOAA Climate Workshop in Korea to Make Final Arrangements

Summary The Global Demand for Climate & Ocean Information, Services and Products is Increasing, So Too Is the Demand for Global Ocean Observations for Socio-Economic Applications Society’s Return on Investment For Ocean Observations is Great for Applications to Climate Forecasting, Natural Hazards Warnings, Weather Prediction, Marine Environment Monitoring The International GCOS Ocean Plan is 61% Implemented, Much Work Remains-Resource Sharing Partnerships Will Be Critical to Success NOAA Seeks to Advance Fruitful Collaboration with KORDI and other International Partners

Kamsa Hamnida! NOAA Office of Climate Observation (OCO) Sidney.Thurston@noaa.gov http://www.oco.noaa.gov/ http://www.osmc.noaa.gov/