Full time and part time employment Coventry population in employment by gender Source: Annual Population Survey, Office for National Statistics

Interpreting the data The data presented in the following charts and discussed in the related commentary are estimates taken from responses from working age Coventry residents to the national ‘Annual Population Survey’ conducted by the Office for National Statistics. They are taken from five surveys conducted on a rolling annual basis from April 2007 – March 2008 to April March 2012, each of the five survey results were taken from between 1,100 and 1,200 working age respondents living in Coventry. The true proportions amongst all working age Coventry residents (of whom there are about 208,000 in total) lie within a certain margin of error (a ‘confidence interval’) either side of the proportions found in the survey results. Due to this, the extent to which the survey results have changed between and (and even the fact that they have changed at all) may not accurately represent real changes in the proportions who are unemployed, employed and economically active amongst all working age residents of Coventry. Statistical tests* were conducted on the survey data to determine whether we can robustly conclude that the difference between the results from the and surveys are a true reflection of the real story amongst all working age residents or whether they could be due to the sample of people who were surveyed at that time. The results of the tests are discussed briefly in the commentary. * The ‘two proportion Z test’.

Full time/part time employment - Financial Year on Financial Year data Full time/part time employment – percentage point difference over time (FY)

Take me home What is this telling me? Between and the proportion of women in employment who were working full time increased by an estimated 3 percentage points from 58% to 61%. The proportion of men in employment who were working full time appeared to show no change, staying at 89%. This apparent change from part time employment to full time amongst female residents is a result of there being no change in the number employed on a full time basis while overall employment fell. The number of male residents employed on a full time basis fell over this period at the same rate as overall employment fell. Take me back to the data

Take me home What is this telling me? As in 2008, the proportion of women in employment who are employed on a full time basis in 2012 was significantly lower than it is amongst men; 61% compared to 91%. The increase in the proportion of women in employment who were employed on a full time basis occurred in the last two years between 2009 – 10 and 2011 – As these estimates are taken from responses to a survey of a sample of Coventry residents they may not be entirely representative of the employment rate amongst all residents in each gender group. For females, we cannot be absolutely sure as to the extent to which the proportion in employment working full time increased, or even whether it increased at all. While the survey gives an indication that the proportion of all Coventry women in employment who are working full time has increased, a statistical test concludes that the change in the survey results is not sufficient to be sure that this change was real and not just due to the sampling of the survey. However, we can be sure that full time employment is lower amongst women compared to men. Take me back to the data

Take me home What is this telling me? The survey results for part time employment are a mirror image of those for full time employment. Analysing the results for part time employment as well as full time employment allows us to clearly see the picture for each in isolation. Between and the proportion of women in employment who were working part time decreased by an estimated 3 percentage points from 42% to 39%. The proportion of men in employment who were working part time appeared to show no change, staying at 11%. This apparent change from part time employment to full time amongst female residents is a result of there being a fall in the number of women employed on a part time basis between and 2011 – 12 while the number employed full time has stayed the same. So the overall drop in the employment rate amongst women was a result of a loss of part time jobs. The number of male residents employed on a part time basis fell over this period at the same rate as overall employment fell. Take me back to the data

Take me home What is this telling me? As in 2008, the proportion of women in employment who are employed on a part time basis in 2012 was significantly higher than it is amongst men; 39% compared to 11%. The decrease in the proportion of women in employment who were employed on a part time basis occurred in the last two years between 2009 – 10 and 2011 – 2012 because the number in part time employment fell in this period from an estimated 26,500 to an estimated 23,600. As these estimates are taken from responses to a survey of a sample of Coventry residents they may not be entirely representative of the employment rate amongst all residents in each gender group. For females, we cannot be absolutely sure as to the extent to which the proportion in employment working part time decreased, or even whether it increased at all. While the survey gives an indication that the proportion of all Coventry women in employment who are working part time has decreased, a statistical test concludes that the change in the survey results is not sufficient to be sure that this change was real and not just due to the sampling of the survey. However, we can be sure that part time employment is higher amongst women compared to men. Take me back to the data