Cell Structure & Function

Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Do not have a nucleus

Eukaryotic Have a nucleus (DNA contained in nucleus) More complex that prokaryotes PlantAnimal

“Typical” Animal Cell /~ acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

“Typical” Plant Cell

Cell Parts Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer Found in animal cells

Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Directs cell activities (Capital) Contains genetic material – DNA (so it can reproduce). This is contained in things known as Chromosomes

Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture –This is the gelatin-like material where all the organelles are located. Surrounded by cell membrane/cell wall

Mitochondria These are the power houses of the cell. (Power Plant) –These are organelles that use oxygen to get energy from processing food. –This organelle provides the cell with the energy it needs to do its job

Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands. (Construction Workers) Make proteins (which is what the cell is made up of) –Found on Endoplasmic Reticulum & floating throughout the cell

Transport Systems in Cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell. (Highway) Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant‘ Alters proteins into usable forms for the cell. (Post Office) Also moves materials within the cell Also moves materials out of the cell

Lysosome Breaks down and transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal. (Trash Removal)

Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal. (Storage) Contains water solution

Plant Cells Only

Central Vacuole Is a large Vacuole in the middle of the cell. Plants do not typically have more than one vacuole. Help plants maintain shape

Central Vacuole Is a large Vacuole in the middle of the cell. Plants do not typically have more than one vacuole. Help plants maintain shape

Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

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Questions 15.2 Section Questions 1-5 Draw, Color, and Label and Describe the function of a plant and an animal cell.