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Write descriptions of differing interpretations of the advances of women during the First World War. What I’m Looking For What I’m Looking For Give an explanation of why different historical interpretations might be produced. Use appropriate dates and historical terms. Click to reveal Suitably structure your work.

Click to reveal Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A

[From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, looking at women’s lives in the 20 th and 21 st centuries (2008)] Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during WW1? Who is the author? What do they do? When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced? During the First World War women's work and status began to change. Women were actively recruited to do war work and many others volunteered … At the end of the war it was clear that women and their work had been vital to the war effort.

Throughout the war … most male-dominated professions remained closed to women. Even in areas where they were employed in large numbers, such as munitions and transport, they were often treated as inferior, stop-gap replacements for enlisted men. Moreover, women's wages, routinely portrayed as 'high' in the wartime press, remained significantly lower than those of their male counterparts. [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Source B Source B Source B Source B Source A Source A Source A Source A Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during WW1? Who is the author? What do they do? When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced?

During the First World War women's work and status began to change. Women were actively recruited to do war work and many others volunteered … At the end of the war it was clear that women and their work had been vital to the war effort. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war? Source A Source A Source A Source AHelp!

Most women in domestic service Most women in domestic service Work in munitions factories Work in munitions factories Married women not expected to work Married women not expected to work Click to check answers Women campaigned for the vote Women campaigned for the vote Women were paid less than men Women were paid less than men Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women joined the Land Army Women joined the Land Army Many men saw women as inferior Many men saw women as inferior Women joined the armed forces Women joined the armed forces Women were nurses Most women in domestic service Work in munitions factories Married women not expected to work Women campaigned for the vote Women were paid less than men Women took on ‘male only ’ jobs Women joined the Land Army Many men saw women as inferior Women joined the armed forces Women were nurses Click the arrows to move the statements under the correct heading

Read the information below to try and help you understand a little more about the work of women during the First World War. Female bus conductors on a tramcar in Cardiff Source: Cardiff Central Library As men left their jobs to volunteer to fight for King and country, they were replaced by women. As a result the number of women employed increased from 3,224,600 in July, 1914 to 4,814,600 in January Women took up roles in government departments, became clerical workers, worked as conductors on trams and buses, worked on the land, in the munitions industry, did heavy work such as unloading coal, stoking furnaces and building ships. Women also served as non-combatants in the Women's Royal Navy Service (WRNS), Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) and Women's Royal Air Force (WRAF). Others became nurses or joined the Voluntary Aid Detachments (V.A.D.). Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war?

[From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, looking at women’s lives in the 20 th and 21 st centuries (2008)] Who is the author? What do they do? Source A Source A Source A Source A Education Section Imperial War Museum Website Answers Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. Might be untrustworthy as anyone can produce a website, but in this case it is produced by a knowledgeable author. Designed to provide materials for school Children and therefore might lead to resources being more generalised and less specific. Designed to provide materials for school children and therefore might lead to resources being more generalised and less specific. A museum devoted to Britain’s involvement in armed conflicts. A museum devoted to Britain’s involvement in armed conflicts. Might be untrustworthy as anyone can produce a website, but in this case it is produced by a knowledgeable author. Help!

[From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, looking at women’s lives in the 20 th and 21 st centuries (2008)] When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Source A Source A Source A Source AAnswers Views given would be based on the most up-to-date evidence. More objective accounts are produced as this is long after the events. Would make it primary source and reflect one person’s opinion. The museum was looking to make children more aware of the role of women during the two World Wars. The Imperial War Museum was recognised for its accuracy and had a good reputation. Facts would be distorted to just show one-side of the argument. Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour. Help!

[From the education section of the Imperial War Museum website, looking at women’s lives in the 20 th and 21 st centuries (2008)] What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced? Source A Source A Source A Source A Account of men who served with women during the war. Accounts given by women who worked during the war. Official records that were available. The Government has a 30 year rule on evidence but does not need to release everything. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. Click on the statements that you believe to be true. The views of many historians. Those in charge of the various collections are archivists and historians who read widely.

Throughout the war … most male-dominated professions remained closed to women. Even in areas where they were employed in large numbers, such as munitions and transport, they were often treated as inferior, stop-gap replacements for enlisted men. Moreover, women's wages, routinely portrayed as 'high' in the wartime press, remained significantly lower than those of their male counterparts. Describe the interpretation. What does the source tell me about women during the war? Source B Source B Source B Source BHelp!

Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m 700,000 worked in munitions factories 700,000 worked in munitions factories Women became bus and tram conductors Women became bus and tram conductors Employers ensured women were paid less than men Employers ensured women were paid less than men More women joined trade unions More women joined trade unions The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories 23,000 women joined the Land Army 23,000 women joined the Land Army Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs Number of women in work increased by 1.6 m 700,000 worked in munitions factories Women became bus and tram conductors Employers ensured women were paid less than men More women joined trade unions The government had to persuade the Unions to allow women in to the factories 23,000 women joined the Land Army Women joined the armed forces in non-combat roles Women over 30 got the vote in 1918 At the end of the war women were forced out of jobs Read the statements and decide how much actually changed for women

A TV programme that concentrated on the lives of women during the 20 th century. [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Who is the author? What do they do? Documentary Out of the Doll’s House BBC TV A TV programme intended to present opinions on past or present events by interviewing people. Answers A TV programme intended to present opinions on past or present events by interviewing people. A well respected organisation that is known for Producing well-researched programmes. Source B Source B Source B Source B Click the tabs to match the terms on the left with an explanation on the right. A well respected organisation that is known for Producing well-researched programmes. A TV programme that concentrated on the lives of women during the 20 th century. Help!

[From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] When was the source written? What might have influenced the author? Answers Produced at a time when people were aware of the long-term impact of the war. Written a long time after the events so was less emotive. Produced as women were still treated poorly in Britain. The producers were still able to talk to some women who had worked during the war. Produced when many female historians wanted to show the War affected more than the soldiers. Written over eighty years after the events so is less reliable. Click on the tabs to change to the correct colour. Source B Source B Source B Source BHelp!

What evidence may have been looked at and how might this explain how the interpretation was produced? Click on the statements that you believe to be true. [From the commentary to the BBC TV documentary series Out of the Doll’s House, which looked at the history of women in the twentieth century (1988)] Source B Source B Source B Source B Account of men who served with women during the war. Accounts given by women who worked during the war. Official records that were available. The Government has a 30 year rule on evidence but does not need to release everything. The museum has many records from diaries to interviews. The views of many historians. Those in charge of the various collections are archivists and historians who read widely.