Classroom Chemistry Topics that are covered in this PowerPoint are: What is Chemistry Basic information about atoms Reading the Periodic Table of the Elements States of Matter Changing States of matter Surface Tension

What is Chemistry? What do you think Chemistry is? Chemistry is a basic science that investigates how substances and materials interact with one another, and how these materials stay the same of change in the presence of each other. All material is made of matter. Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass put simply is anything with weight.

What is an atom? They are similar to building blocks They are the smallest pieces of matter An atom has 3 basic parts: Proton Neutron Electron We have billions of atoms in us! They are stored in each of the elements Elements: oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, etc. Chemists have figured out that over 95% of your body is made up of hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca)

Number of protons   The Periodic Table of the Elements is a list of all the chemical elements that occur in the universe. It categorizes elements based on the properties of their atoms. The elements are listed by their atomic number. This is the number of protons that they have. Elementsymbol Element name Atomic mass

How To Read The Periodic Table

Describe how to read the periodic table: Every table has:

Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom identifies the element.   The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic number of that element.

Atomic Symbol: The atomic symbol is one or two letters chosen to represent an element ("H" for "hydrogen," “O” is for “oxygen”).  These symbols are used everywhere in the world

States of Matter

More about atoms and matter These are in three types: solids, liquids or gases. Chemistry also studies how solids, liquids, and gases change under different physical conditions.

What is a solid? So, what is a solid? Solids are usually hard, because their molecules have been packed together. You might ask, "Is baby power a solid? It's soft and powdery." Baby power is also a solid. It's just a ground down piece of talc. Solids are firm and have a firm shape. A rock will always look like a rock unless something happens to it. The same goes for a diamond. Even when you grind up a solid into a powder, you will see tiny pieces of that solid under a microscope. Solids like their shape.

What are some examples of solids? Remember, a solid holds it’s shape, and can be hard or soft. What are some you can think of? Food: Pears, Pieces of Corn, Rice, Apples, Sugar, Items: Desks, Pencils, Chairs, Whiteboard Felts, Paper Clips

What is a liquid? So, what is a liquid? What are some examples you can think of? Water, Pop, Juice, Gasoline, Creams, White Glue, Blood. Liquids have a definite volume, but an indefinite shape. If you weigh a glass of water, it will have a mass. The volume of liquid water in a pool is different than that of a coffee cup. You can carry liquids in bottles, pots, pans, you can clasp them between your hands. They take the shape of the container they are in.

What is a gas? So, what is a gas? What are some examples you can think of? Gases are everywhere in our atmosphere! Oxygen, Helium, Water Vapour, Nitrogen, Pressurized Commercial Products. Gases tend to be “airlike”. They have particles that have neither a defined shape or volume. - Gases fit anywhere! It doesn't even matter how big the container is. The molecules still spread out to fill the whole space equally.

Solid, Liquids, or Gases Game In your group, write your guess on your whiteboard, with a reason why it is that state. And....shhh! Don’t share!

Example - Book It is a solid because it is hard, and keeps it shape.

River It is a liquid because it is has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape.

Diamond It is a solid because it is hard, and keeps it shape.

Magma It is a liquid because it is has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape.

Sand It is a solid because it is hard, and keeps it shape.

Smoke stack pollution It is a gas because it has neither a defined shape or volume.

Grass It is a solid because it is hard, and keeps it shape.

The Atmosphere It is a gas because it has neither a defined shape or volume.

Jello This is a tricky one! Technically, jello is neither a liquid nor a solid because its physical properties do not perfectly match either category.

Colloid Jello is a colloid. A Colloid is one state of matter suspended within another How it works: Microscopic solid particles are dispersed (or suspended) in a liquid Examples: Whipping cream, jello, shaving cream or jel, mayonnaise

Changing States of Matter

Changing States Is it possible for matter to change states? The answer is yes, but some substances require extreme temperatures Think about…… Water Solid H2O is called ice Liquid H2O is called water Gas H2O is called water vapor

How states of matter change The state of matter will change when energy is exchanged. Solid + heat  Liquid Liquid + heat  Gas When molecules are heated, they begin to move faster. The faster they move, the weaker their bonds become. When bonds are looser, the substance moves more freely and takes up more space.

Examples - Changes of matter We know that water can change states…. But can other substances change states too? What substances change states? As a table group, think of as many examples as you can Examples: Candle wax Loli pop Chocolate Gold Butter

Surface Tension This lab is called “How Full is Full?”. We will first make discoveries in a lab! This lab is called “How Full is Full?”. In this lab, we will: make predictions about how many more dirhams can fit into a glass of water that is already full. As a class, we will conduct the experiment by counting the number of dirhams that can be added to a glass of water before it over flows In groups, you will conduct the same experiment using paperclips

Surface Tension Water droplets are round and shaped like balloons The film that forms on the surface of the water is called surface tension. Surface tension is due to cohesion. Cohesion is an attraction of the molecules in water.

Why was the water able to bulge up before over flowing? Lab: How Full is Full? Questions: What did you notice about the surface of the water before the dirhams were added? Why was the water able to bulge up before over flowing?

End of Information on Quiz #1

Visual Journal Page Called “Chemistry and Matter” Definition of Chemistry (2 points) Definition of matter (2 points) and three examples of it (3 points) Definition of mass (2 points) The definition of an atom (2 points) , and it’s three parts labeled on a drawing (3 points) The definition of solid, liquid, and gases, (3 points) and six examples of each illustrated. (6 points) Chemistry and Matter Chemistry is…… Matter is……. Some examples of matter include a dog, a feather, and a backpack. A solid is… A liquid is… A gas is..

More information on solids, liquids, and gases! http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_liqu id.html