srkwrI sInIAr sMkYfrI skUl (cMdUmwjrw) AiDAwie=12 kolw Aqy pYtrolIAm ivSw =ivigAwn suKivMdr kOr swieMs imstRYs

ivSw-sUcI kolw koly dI auqpqI kolw k`Fx vwly dys koly dIAW iksmW pYtrolIAm pYtrolIAm k`Fx vwly dyS Bwrq iv`c pYtrolIAm dw k`Fxw pYtrolIAm dI Su`DweI

kolw ieh mu`K qor qy kwrbn,hweIfrojn Aqy AwksIjn dy XoigkW Aqy mukq kwrbn dw jit`l imSrn huMdw hY[ijs iv`c QoVI Hmwqrw ivc nweItrojn,slPr dy Xoigk Aqy AkwrbnIpdwrQ rlyH huMdy hn[

koly dI auqpqI poidAw dI rihMd-KuMhd jo kroVW swl pihlW DrqI AMdr fUMGI d`bI geI,au`cdwb Aqy qwp ADIn pr hvw dI AwksIjn dI AxhoNd ivc hOly-hOly pRiqikirAw krky sKq pdwrQ ivc pirvriqq ho geI ijs nUM kolw kihMdy hn[

kolw k`Fx vwly dys sMswr iv`c DrqI iv`coN kolw k`Fx vwly mu`K dys cIn,AmrIkw,ieMglYNf,jrmnI,polYf,AwstyRlIAw Aqy Bwrq hn[Bwrq AMdr mu`K qOr qy kolw JwVKMf,m`D pRdys,auVIsw,p`CmI bMgwl Aqy AWDrw pRdys ivc imldw hY[

koly dIAW iksmW koly AMdr kwrbn dI mwqrw dy ADwr qy koly dIAW cwr iksmW hn: lVI nM: koly dIAw iksmw kwrbn dI mwqrw 1 pIt 27% 2 ilgnweIt 28-30% 3 ibtUmIns 78-86% 4 AYNQrwsweIt 94-98%

koly dw BMjx kSIdn BMjx kSIdn kolw kol gYs+AmonIAw+koltwr+kok (qyz grm krnw)

pYtrolIAm DrqI dy ql dy hyTW BYVI gMD vwly,gUVHy rMg vwly gwVHy qrl vjoN imldw hY [ pwxI, im`tI dy kx Aqy AwksIjn, nweItrojn,slPr Awid dy Xoigk huMdy hn[ pYtrolIAm vDyry krky Tos, qrl Aqy gYsI hweIfrokwrbnW dw jit`l imSrn huMdw hY[

pYtrolIAm k`Fx vwly dyS DrqI iv`coN pYtrolIAm k`Fx vwly sMswr dy mu`K dyS hyT ilKy Anuswr hn: 1) swaUdI ArybIAw 2)ierwk 3)ierwn 4)XU.AYs.ey. 5)mYksIko 6) rUs 7)XU.ky. 8)cIn

Bwrq iv`c pYtrolIAm dw k`Fxw Bwrq iv`c pYtrolIAm dy bhuqy BMfwr nhIN hn [Bwrq iv`c pYtrolIAm dy KUh hyT ilKy sQwnW qy siQq hn : 1)AMklySvr Aqy kwlol (gujrwq) 2)rudrw swgr Aqy lkvw (Awswm) 3)muMbeI hweI (smuMdr iv`c Drq ql hyTW) 4)godwvrI Aqy kwvyrI dy fYlty nyVy smuMdr iv`c

pYtrolIAm dI Su`DweI k`cy pYtrolIAm nUM ivSyS Aqy aupXogI AMSW iv`c vKrwaux Aqy nw-loVIAW ASu`DIAW htwaux dI prikirAw nUM pYtrolIAm dw Su`DIkrn(Refining) AwKdy hn [

pYtrolIAm dy mu`K AMS 1) pYtrolIAm gYs 2) pYtrolIAm eIQr 3) pYtrol jW gYsolIn 4) im`tI dw qyl 5) bwlx qyl jW fIzl 6) vWgx qyl jW lubrIkyitMg qyl 7) pYtrolIAm mom (vYks) 8) pYtrolIAm kok

Shwiek – sm`grI 9vIN SyxI dI swieMs dI pwT –pusqk