CS 501: Software Engineering Fall 2000 Lecture 6 (a) Requirements Analysis (continued) (b) Requirements Specification

Administration Introduction of André Allavena Due date for Assignment 1 is Wednesday 5 p.m. Teaching Assistant assignment to projects will be made on Thursday

Wireless Laptops Read As part of Assignment 1, each project should: => list the people who will be issued with laptops, up to 3 people per project + one alternate => list people who will be issued with wireless cards, up to 2 per project Distribution times and places are: => Thursday, September 14th, 2:30 - 4:00 pm, Upson 5126 => Friday, September 15th, 10: :30 am, Upson 5130

The Requirements Process Feasibility Study Requirements Analysis Requirements Definition Requirements Specification Feasibility Report System Models Definition of Requirements Specification of Requirements Document

Requirements Analysis Methods for data modeling and design Data flow diagrams Entity-relation diagrams Data dictionaries Object models Many of these methods blur the distinction between analysis and design.

Entity-Relation Model A Design Methodology for Relational Databases A database of entities and relations Tools for displaying and manipulating entity- relation diagrams Tools for manipulating the database (e.g., as input to database design) Warning: There is much confusion about definitions and notation

Entity-Relation Diagram An entity A relation between entities An entity or relation attribute An inheritance relation

Example: CS 501 Project Student CS501 Student Major Project 5 to 7 1 Member of Person Client 1 Tech contact 0:n

Example: MARC Catalog Record Caroline R. Arms, editor, Campus strategies for libraries and electronic information. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1990.

MARC Format for Monographs (Books) r Campus strategies for libraries and electronic information 260 {Bedford, Mass.} : Digital Press, c Academic libraries--United States--Automation. 650 Libraries and electronic publishing--United States. 700 Arms, Caroline R. (Caroline Ruth)

Entity-Relation Diagram for MARC Book Short title Catalog record Describes Control numb Subject heading Is about Creator Editor of Author of 1:n 1 0:n

Data Dictionaries A data dictionary is a list of names used by the system Brief definition (e.g., what is "date") What is it (e.g., number, relation) Where is it used (e.g., source, used by, etc.) May be combined with a glossary As the system is implemented, the data dictionary in the requirements is input to the system data dictionary, which is a formal part of the system specification.

A Note on Object Models This course teaches object models as a tool for design. Some people recommend object models for requirements analysis, but it is difficult to use them without constraining the system design.

Non-Functional Requirements Product requirements performance, reliability, portability, etc... Organizational requirements delivery, training, standards, etc... External requirements legal, interoperability, etc...

Examples of Non-Functional Requirements Privacy (Mercury digital library) Functional requirement: Usage data for management of system Non-functional requirement: Usage data must not identify individuals Minimizing records (NeXT) Functional requirement: Retain all required records Non-functional requirement: Discard all other records

Unspoken Requirements Example: Resistance to change at XXX

Requirements Specification What is the purpose of the Requirements Specification?

Requirements Specification: Purpose 1. It describes the requirements to the stakeholders Expressed in the terms that the stakeholders understand Comprehensible from many viewpoints Reviewed by stakeholders so that they understand implications Must be clear about assumptions (things left out)

Requirements Specification: Purpose 2. It describes the requirements to the implementers As precise and specific as possible Expressed in terms that they understand Comprehensible to new team members

Requirements Specification: Purpose 3. It records the requirements for the future An essential part of system evolution 4. If may be a contractual document See you in court!

Requirements Specification: Approaches Natural language Structured natural language Design description language Requirements specification language Graphical notation Formal specification See Sommerville, Chapter 7.