Ware:Vislab:CCOM Basic Vision+ The process and what stands out CH1 – CH2 + supplimentary

Ware:Vislab:CCOM Data Classes  Scalar Field 1D 2D 3D  Vector Field 1D 2D 3D  Time Varying All of the above  Discrete 1D K-dimensional  Nominal Overlapping sets of data with multiple nominal attributes  Graph G = {V,E} Tree Directed acyclic Weighted graph Hyper graph

Human Visual Field

Visual Angle

1 diopter: a lens that focuses at 1 meter. 45d Cornea ~15d Lens d = 1/f

Acuities Vernier super acuity (10 sec) Grating acuity Two Point acuity (0.5 min) What is the ideal resolution

CAVE  Resolution problems  Light scattering problems iPhone 960x640 5 cm 1280x1280

CAVE  Resolution problems  Light scattering problems iPhone 960x640 5 cm 1280x pixels/degree 14 pixels/deg 16,000 pixels/ deg pixels/ deg 2

Immersion VR  HMD + head tracking  Data glove

Human Spatial Acuity

Cutoff at 50 cycles/deg.  Receptors: 20 sec of arc  Pooled over larger and larger areas  100 million receptors  1 million fibers to brain  A screen may have 30 pixels/cm – need about 4 times as much.  VR displays have 5 pixels/cm

Aliasing and Anti aliasing

Temporal Aliasing  Human Flicker fusion 50 Hz  Temporal aliasing occurs with moving targets  Must compute motion blur to fix the problem

Acuity Distribution

Brain Pixels

Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Visual search

The Process of Visual Thinking Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Spotfire product

What we can easily find :CH2  Visual search depends on Salience (low level properties) Tuning of low level properties Search skills (knowledge) Ware:Vislab:CCOM

V1 processing Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Pre-Attentive Processing

Color is Pre-Attentive (Pops out)

Generic Pre-Attentive Experiment  Number of irrelevant items varies  Pre-attentive 10 msec per item or better.

Color

Orientation

Motion

Size

Simple shading

Conjunction (does not pop out)

Semantic Depth of Field

Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Relevance  Symbol design (nominal coding)  Highlighting, - search guidance.  Glyph design (quantititive symbols) Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Mapping data to display variables Data glyphs  Position (2)  Orientation (1)  Size (spatial frequency)  Motion (2)++  Blinking?  Color (3)  Note we have the problem of heterogeneity – There is no good solution Star glyph Method

Starplot glyph

How many dimensions? Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Symbols Ware:Vislab:CCOM

A symbol set designed for rapid search Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Asymmetries in search Ware:Vislab:CCOM Highlighting methods

Motion Highlighting Ware:Vislab:CCOM

Capacity of visual working memory (Vogal, Woodman, Luck, 2001)  Task – change detection  Can see 3.3 objects  Each object can be complex 1 second

Dual Processing OBJECT FILES “Nexus” Dog

Attention and Patterns

Ware:Vislab:CCOM Donald Norman – Cognition in the Head and in the World “ The power of the unaided mind is highly overrated. Without external aids, memory, thought and reasoning are all constrained. But human intelligence is highly flexible and adaptive, superb at inventing procedures and objects that overcome its own limits. The real powers come from devising external aids that enhance cognitive activities. How have we increased memory, thought and reasoning? By the invention of external aids: it is things that make us smart.”

Example of process Perception for cognition Ware:Vislab:CCOM