A Tool to Support Ontology Creation based on Incremental Mini- Ontology Merging Zonghui Lian Supported by

2 The Problem: Ontology Creation Information collection and analysis Concept and relationship design Iterative construction

3 TANGO : Table ANalysis for generating Ontologies Mini-Ontology Growing Ontology New Growing ontology Table

4 TANGO : Table ANalysis for generating Ontologies Growing ontology New table New mini-ontology OntoMerge

5 Ontology Mapping and Merging A simple case Mini-ontologyGrowing ontologyNew growing ontology

6 Ontology Mapping and Merging A complex case Mini-ontology Growing ontology

7 Ontology Mapping and Merging A complex case Mini-ontologyGrowing ontologyEdited mini-ontology

8 Growing ontologyEdited Mini-ontology New growing ontology Ontology Mapping and Merging A complex case

9 Ontology Mapping and Merging A more complex case Mini-ontologyGrowing ontology Issue: Functional/Nonfunction conflict

10 Ontology Mapping and Merging A more complex case Edited Mini-ontology Mini-ontology Growing ontology ? Issue: functional/non-functional conflict Default: The merge will make the functional relationship set non-functional. Suggestion: If this is not what is wanted, make the non-functional edge functional before merging.

11 Ontology Mapping and Merging Issue: possible redundant relationship sets: - Country has Name - Country has Language Default: These relationship sets will be removed. Suggestion: If this is not what is wanted, remove/keep relationship sets as desired. Merged ontology A more complex case

12 Ontology Mapping and Merging New growing ontology Merged ontology A more complex case

13 Ontology Growing Process Mini-ontology Merged ontology Edited Mini-ontology New growing ontology Ontology mapping algorithms Ontology merging algorithms Ontology cleaning algorithms

14 OntoMerge: Framework Ontology editor OntoMerge Mapping algorithms … Merging algorithms … Management functions Create Growing ontology Cleaning algorithms …

15 Contribution A tool to support ontology mapping, merging, and cleaning (MMC)  Manual MMC  Enable plug-in algorithms for semi-automatic and automatic MMC TANGO: ontology creation

16 The end

17 TANGO Project An information- gathering engine to assimilate and organize knowledge

18 TANGO’s working process includes Recognize and normalize table information Construct mini-ontologies from normalized table Discover inter-ontology mapping (UI) Merge mini-ontology into a growing ontology

19 Ontology Mapping Based on the characteristics of object sets in two ontologies  Simple mapping  Joint mapping  Union mapping

20 Ontology Mapping Based on the number of object sets in two different ontologies  The 1:1 cardinality problem  The 1:n (n:1) cardinality problem  The n:m cardinality problem

21 Ontology Mapping and Merging Simple Case ==

22 Ontology Mapping Union Mapping:  1:n or n:1  1:1

23 Ontology Mapping Join Mapping  1:n or n:1  1:1

24 OntoMerge Tool Ontology editor OntoMerge

25 Concepts: Country, Population total, Population Males and Population Females Relationships: Country[1] has Population total[1:*]; Population Males Isa Population total; and Population Females isa Population total Concepts: Country, Population Males, and Population Females Relationships: Country[1] has Population Males[1:*] and Country[1] has Population Females[1:*] Concepts: Country and Population total Relationships: Country[1] has Population total[1:*] Country(s) SimpleMap Country(t) (Population Males, Population Females) UnionMap Population total

26 == Ontology Merging Ontology merging based on join mapping Concepts: Person, First Name and Last Name Relationships: Person[1] has First Name[1:*] and Person[1] has Last Name[1:*] Concepts: Person and Name Relationships: Person[1] has Name[1:*] (First Name[1](s), Last Name[1](s)) JoinMap Name(t) Person(s) SimpleMap Person(t) Concepts: Person, Name, First Name, and Last Name Relationships: Person[1] has Name[1:*], First Name[1] isSubPartOf Name[1] and Last Name[1] is SubPartOf Name[1]

27 OntoMerge: A tool to support ontology mapping and merging based on existed algorithms Provide a framework where mapping and merging algorithms can be plugged in Provide IDS (issue/ default/ suggestions) Provide users a friendly UI and allow users to fully control mapping and merging including manually map and merge ontologies