What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion?

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Presentation transcript:

What are the differences between osmosis and diffusion? What regulates diffusion and osmosis? What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality? Iso-osmotic, hyper-osmotic and hypo-osmotic Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic? Be able to do a calculations of solutions (A vs. B): Molarity, millimolarity, osmolarity, milliosmolarity, water movement Which solution is: Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic?

MOLARITY VS MOLALITY One mole of a solute (MW) dissolved and made up in 1 liter of solvent (1000ml) is a 1M (one molar solution) One mole of a solute (MW) dissolved in 1 kilogram of solvent (1000g) is a 1m (one molal solution)

Assumed equal in all our examples!!! MOLARITY/MOLALITY 1M = One molar 1m = One molal 1M = 1000mM (millimoles) 1m = 1000mm (millimolals) Assumed equal in all our examples!!!

OSMOTIC PRESSURE The greater or larger the [solute] of a solution, the greater the osmotic pressure Osmotic pressure is measured is measured as Osmolarity or Osmolality (remember equal for us because everything dissolves completely in our solvent (water)

OSMOTIC PRESSURE UNITS 1 Osm = 1 osmole 1 Osm = 1000 mOsm (milliosmoles) Same units used for Osmolality and Osmolarity!!!

OSMOLARITY/OSMOLALITY Depends on the ratio of solute to solvent The higher the [solute] the higher the osmotic pressure BUT MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SALTS AND SUGARS!!

SUGARS (glucose, sucrose etc.) Do NOT ionize (dissociate) when they are dissolved in water!! IM glucose ------> = 1Osm (placed in H20)

SUGARS (glucose, sucrose etc.) Do NOT ionize when they are dissolved in water!! IM glucose ------> = 1Osm (placed in H20) SALTS (NaCl, CaCl2 etc.) DO ionize or dissociate!! IM NaCl ------> 1 Osm Na+ plus 1 Osm Cl- (each exert own osmotic pressure) = 2 Osm

OSMOSIS Osmosis is the movement of water (solvent) across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high solvent concentration [low solute] to a region of low solvent [high solute].

“osmotically active solute” OSMOSIS Water is “pulled” across a semi-permeable membrane to the side that has the highest osmotic pressure or is the most “osmotically active solute”

Effects of Solutions of Varying Tonicity Isotonic – solutions with the same solute concentration to each other Hypertonic – solution having greater solute concentration to the other Hypotonic – solution having lesser solute concentration to the other