Photosynthesis An introduction
Photosynthesis Class Brainstorm
The 5 Ws of Photosynthesis Who? Photoautotrophs What? Use light energy and CO 2 to make sugars Where? Chloroplasts When? Need light Why? Source of energy for other organisms
Chlorophyll Definition: A green colored pigment that absorbs light Two types: Chlorophyll a (blue-green) and Chlorophyll b (yellow-green) Consists of a porphyrin ring and a long hydrocarbon tail See page 139 for image
Porphyrin ring: a Mg atom at the centre and a hydrocarbon ring of alternating single and double bonds Chlorophyll a has a methyl group (-CH 3 ) Chlorophyll b has an aldehyde group (-COH) Hydrocarbon tail or Phytol tail: anchors molecule to a membrane
Eukaryotic Autotrophs Algae, Photosynthetic Protists, and Plants Chlorophyll in organelles: chloroplasts Chloroplasts found in leaves (gives them green color)
Leaf Structure Waxy cuticle Upper Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Lower Epidermis Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Vascular Bundle Guard Cells
Chloroplast: Photosynthetic “Factories”
Sketch and label a chloroplast Inner and outer membrane Stroma – protein-rich semi-liquid Thylakoids – membrane bound sacs contain chlorophyll and ETC Grana – stacks of thylakoids Lamellae – unstacked thylakoids that connect grana See page 144
Photosynthesis Overview Step 1. Capture light energy. Step 2. Make ATP and reduced NADP + Step 3. Make glucose and organic compounds.
Light Electromagnetic radiation (EM): light is a form of energy Visible light 380 (violet) -750 (red) nm Travels in wave packets called photons
Absorption Spectrum: the wavelengths of light that a pigment will absorb Action Spectrum: the most effective wavelength for photosynthesis See page 152
Read “A Brief History of Photosynthesis Research” on page What experiment did J.B. Van Helmont conduct? What did he conclude? What experiment did Joseph Priestly conduct? What did he conclude? What is the source of O 2 in photosynthesis?
Hmwk Prelab for Fermentation Lab Study for Quiz Hmwk (take-up on Tues) Qs: p145 #5b, 7, 9 Qs: p154 #1, 3, 6, 7, 8