M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring C : Database Management Systems Lecture #21 M.P. Johnson Stern School of Business, NYU Spring, 2005
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Homework Project part 4 due today Topic: populating your tables with data Using MySQL’s bulk loader Start early! Turn in on time Project part 5 Topic: web interface + any remaining loose ends Posted soon… Due: end of semester
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Agenda: Programming for SQL Have now been exposed to: Embedded SQL: Pro*C Java JDBC Stored Procedures: PL/SQL All used; good to know about Most important for this course: DB-conn from web scripting languages DBI/DBDs in Perl, PHP
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Goals: after this week After Tuesday: be able to post a hello-web Perl script in your sales account After Today: 1. be able to post a hello-web PHP script in your sales account 2. Be able to modify/extend non-trivial Perl/PHP scripts to work with your DB Take input from user Execute SQL query Display formatted results
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Review: CGI/Perl Program Client Server HTTP Request Data for program Generated HTML HTML Image from
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring New topic: HTML forms Interactive parts of HTML: forms Intuition for name: paper form Fill in textboxes, check boxes or not, etc. Turn it in (press button) HTML form contains arb. # of INPUTs Submits to somewhere (ACTION) By GET or POST
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Form example On clicking Send, we go to the same page, but with “name=99&sumbit=OK” Enter a number: Enter a number:
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Perl and forms Obtain param number: Goal: display text and button; On submit, tell user what was entered Improve: also print, say, triple the input… my $cgi = CGI->new(); $param = $cgi->param('number'); my $cgi = CGI->new(); $param = $cgi->param('number');
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Perl error-handling Many Perl scripts have lines of the form some-statement OR die(“something happened”); What this means: die exits with error message Perl supports both || and OR as or operator Perl supports boolean “short-circuiting” Boolean eval stops as fast as possible Ftns often return 0/null/false for errors if some-statement fails then we die
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Perl and databases DB connectivity is done through DBI Database Interface Analogous to Java’s JDBC The steps correspond roughly 1-1 Think of DBI as a Java class with static methods Use these to obtain a connection, prepare and execute queries, etc.
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Perl DBI 1. Open a connection: 2. Prepare and execute query: my $dbh = DBI-> connect("dbi:mysql:database=mydb; mysql2.stern.nyu.edu;port=3306", user, pass); my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query); $sth->execute; my $sth = $dbh->prepare($query); $sth->execute;
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Perl DBI 3. Extract next row of data from statement results, if available: What this means: row has two fields, whose values are put in $a and $b, in order Other options, but this should suffice In general, want to scroll through results: Braces { } are required! my ($a, $b) = $sth->fetchrow_array() while (my ($a, $b) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) { # print out $a and $b } while (my ($a, $b) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) { # print out $a and $b }
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Limit: Perl webpages that do something Semi-interesting Perl script: Non-trivial but not huge: ~40 lines Works with two-column (a,b) table Takes input from user Returns rows whose a field contains value If no/empty input, returns all rows Bad idea in general!
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring lookup.cgi Two possible situations for running script: 1. Page opened for the first time 2. User entered parameter and pressed button Structure of file: 1. Print input box and button for next search On button click, parameter is sent to this page’s url 2. (Try to) read input parameter 3. Open MySQL connection 4. Run query 5. Print results in a table 6. Disconnect from MySQL
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Higher-level structure As one page: If we have params, display data based on them Otherwise, prompt user for params, call self Could be: Page 1: prompt for params, call page 2 Page 2: display data based on params In e.g.: always display data for convenience
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Tutorials on Perl Some material drawn from the following good tutorials: CGI backend programming using perl: Perl Basics: CGI Basics: MySQL/Perl/CGI example:
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring That’s all, folks! Q: Is this enough to get a job coding Perl? A: Probably not! But: Don’t like Perl/CGI? Don’t want to run start a new process for every user/pageview/roundtrip of your site? Next we’ll do PHP… a couple modified copies of lookup.cgi and/or cia.cgi + some HTML glue fairly interesting site a couple modified copies of lookup.cgi and/or cia.cgi + some HTML glue fairly interesting site
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Dynamic webpages Original prob: need webpages to respond to user inputs Soln 2: create a an html file embedded with special non- html code upon url request, execute embedded code to generate more html/fill in the file Send back the modified html page to user An incomplete html page exists on server Examples: PHP, JSPs, ASPs, etc.
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring Review: dynamic webpages First option: for each request: run program, produce whole page, send back CGI & some host language, Java Servlets, etc. Second option: create html page with missing parts; for each response, fill in the wholes and send back Embedded scripting PHP and others PHP = Personal Home Page or = PHP Hypertext Processor
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring hello.php Q: What the difference between and \n? Hello from PHP Here is the PHP part: \n“; ?> That's it! Hello from PHP Here is the PHP part: \n“; ?> That's it!
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring hello2.php Script errors, w/ and w/o display_errors on: Local dir must contain.htaccess: Automatically load GET/POST params as vars php_flag display_errors on php_flag register_globals on php_flag display_errors on php_flag register_globals on
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring For next time… 1. Run/read these Perl scripts:
M.P. Johnson, DBMS, Stern/NYU, Spring For next time… 2.Run/read these PHP scripts: Various others in dbms/perl and dbms/php…dbms/perldbms/php