March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days1 Nuclear Physics at the University of Rochester Steven Manly Grad. Student Days March 1, 2003.

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Presentation transcript:

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days1 Nuclear Physics at the University of Rochester Steven Manly Grad. Student Days March 1, Gammasphere

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days2 Nuclear physics faculty Theory ëProf. D. Koltun Experiment ëProf. D. Cline ëProf. S. Manly ëProf. U. Schr Ö der (chemistry) ëProf. F. Wolfs Plus close connection and some collaboration with HEP

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days3 Theoretical Nuclear Physics - Koltun

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days4 Experimental Nuclear Physics Cline: –Coulomb excitation (gammasphere, chico) –Direct reactions –exotic nuclei Manly: –Relativistic heavy ion collisions –Neutrinos –HEP {Z o (SLD), ILC} Schr Ö der: –Dissipative collisions (superball) Wolfs: –Relativistic heavy ion collisions –Direct reactions (Apex, E917) BNL (AGS and RHIC), MSU, Berkeley, Argonne, FNAL

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days5 Schr Ö der: Dissipative collisions, how nuclei fragment Superball neutron calorimeter at National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days6 Cline: Coulomb excitation, gamma spectroscopy

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days7 Gammasphere/CHICO (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days8 Relativistic heavy ion physics with PHOBOS Manly and Wolfs

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days9 quarks leptons Gauge bosons u c t d s b e   W, Z, , g, G g Hadrons Baryons qqq qq mesons p = uud n = udd K = us or us  = ud or ud Strong interaction nuclei e atoms Electromagnetic interaction

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days10 Quantum Chromodynamics - QCD Gauge field carries the charge q q distance energy density, temperature relative strength asymptotic freedom qq qq confinement q q

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days11

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days12

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days13 Relativistic heavy ions Two concentric superconducting magnet rings, 3.8 km circum. A-A (up to Au), p-A, p-p collisions, eventual polarized protons Funded by U.S. Dept. of Energy $616 million Construction began Jan. 1991, first collisions June 2000 Annual operating cost $100 million Reached 10% of design luminosity in 2000 (1st physics run)!! AGS: fixed target, 4.8 GeV/nucleon pair SPS: fixed target, 17 GeV/nucleon pair RHIC: collider, 200 GeV/nucleon pair LHC: collider, 5.4 TeV/nucleon pair

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days14

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days15

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days16

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days17 Au-Au collision in the STAR detector

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days18 The PHOBOS Detector (2001) Ring Counters Time of Flight Spectrometer 4  Multiplicity Array - Octagon, Vertex & Ring Counters Mid-rapidity Spectrometer TOF wall for high-momentum PID Triggering - Scintillator Paddles Counters - Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) Vertex Octagon ZDC z y x   Paddle Trigger Counter Cerenkov silicon pad readout channels 1m

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days19 Central Part of the Detector (not to scale) 0.5m

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days20 Au-Au event in the PHOBOS detector

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days21 Signatures/observables Energy density or number of participants Measured value Strange particle enhancement and particle yields Temperature J/  and  ’ production/suppression Vector meson masses and widths identical particle quantum correlations DCC - isospin fluctuations Flow of particles/energy (azimuthal asymmetries) jet quenching Each variable has different experimental systematics and model dependences on extraction and interpretation MUST CORRELATE VARIABLES

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days22 Collision region is an extruded football/rugby ball shape

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days23 Elliptic flow Number of particles

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days Number of Particles

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days25 Elliptic Flow at 130 GeV (PHOBOS : Normalized Paddle Signal) Hydrodynamic limit STAR: PRL86 (2001) 402 PHOBOS preliminary Hydrodynamic limit STAR: PRL86 (2001) 402 PHOBOS preliminary Thanks to M. Kaneta

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days26 What does the future hold for ultrarelativistic heavy ion physics?  Long RHIC program - move from characterization to study, hopefully more data, esp. for J/  species, energy changes build a self-consistent model tie in with CERN results  LHC - Pb beams at 5.4 TeV/nucleon pair

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days27

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days28 Isometric of PHENIX Detector

March 1, 2003University of Rochester - Graduate Student Days29 Brahms experiment From F.Videbœk