The Scholastics

Where?

Where? The universities “scholastics” – in the schools

The Scholastics Where? The universities -- Especially the Sorbonne (the University of Paris)

The Scholastics Who?

Who? Peter Lombard ( )

The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard ( ) His book: The Sentences

The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard ( ) His book: The Sentences Thomas Aquinas ( )

The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard ( ) His book: The Sentences Thomas Aquinas ( ) His book: Summa Theologia

The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard ( ) Thomas Aquinas ( ) Duns Scotus ( )

The Scholastics Sources of truth?

The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible

The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible Tradition (Church Fathers)Tradition (Church Fathers)

The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible Tradition (Church Fathers)Tradition (Church Fathers) ARISTOTLE ( BC)ARISTOTLE ( BC)

The Scholastics Goal?

Goal? To use Scripture and logic to make sense of God, man, and the world.

The Scholastics Method?

Method? Reason and dialectic

The Scholastics The Way of Salvation

The Scholastics The Way of Salvation “The death of Christ then justifies us, when by it love is awakened in our hearts." (Peter Lombard)

The Humanists Where?

Where? Royal courts.

The Humanists Who?

Who? Dante, Petrarch (early, Italian)

The Humanists Who? Dante, Petrarch (early, Italian) Erasmus, Reuchlin (late, continental)

The Humanists Source of truth?

The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!!

The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!! The BibleThe Bible

The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!! The BibleThe Bible Classical (Greek and Latin) authorsClassical (Greek and Latin) authors

The Humanists Goal?

Goal? To get rid of myths, traditions, and silly Scholastic arguments, and get back to basic Christianity.

The Humanists Goal? To get rid of myths, traditions, and silly Scholastic arguments, and get back to basic Christianity. i.e., MORALITY & ETHICS.

The Humanists Method? Language and literature study

The Humanists Way of Salvation Do your best, and grace will “kick in.”

The Humanists Way of Salvation Do your best, and grace will “kick in.” (But righteous pagans are in heaven!)

The Mystics

Who?

Who? Meister Eckhardt ( )

The Mystics Who? Meister Eckhardt ( ) John Tauler ( )

The Mystics Where?

Where?Monasteries.

Where?Monasteries, though some were wandering preachers.

The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible

The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible TraditionTradition

The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible TraditionTradition Direct illuminationDirect illumination

The Mystics Goal?

Goal? A direct, unmediated experience of God.

The Mystics Method?

Method? Private prayer and contemplation.

The Mystics Way of Salvation

The Mystics Way of Salvation Through a mystical experience, the soul is absorbed into the Divine.

The Common People Who? Where? Everybody, all over the place. That’s why we call them common people. Why do you ask such ridiculous questions? Huh?

The Common People Sources of truth

The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read)

The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read) The ChurchThe Church –The Sunday service (liturgy, preaching)

The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read) The ChurchThe Church –Traditions, holidays, legends about saints, etc.

The Common People GoalSurvival.

Goal & method Survival. Let the professionals (priests, monks, and nuns) take care of religion for you. Just do what they tell you and don’t worry about it.

The Common People Way of Salvation If you do your part, God will do his.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Third, it [theology] proceeds to the contemplation of truth in questions of Sacred Scripture; and to this purpose the method should be that of arguments.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Third, it [theology] proceeds to the contemplation of truth in questions of Sacred Scripture; and to this purpose the method should be that of arguments. Scholastic (Thomas Aquinas)

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? When we turn away from ourselves and from all created things, to that extent we are united and sanctified in the soul's spark, which is untouched by either space or time. This spark is opposed to all creatures and desires nothing but God.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? When we turn away from ourselves and from all created things, to that extent we are united and sanctified in the soul's spark, which is untouched by either space or time. This spark is opposed to all creatures and desires nothing but God. Mystic (Meister Eckhart)

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? I have turned my entire attention to Greek. The first thing I shall do, as soon as the money arrives, is to buy some Greek authors; after that, I shall buy clothes.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? I have turned my entire attention to Greek. The first thing I shall do, as soon as the money arrives, is to buy some Greek authors; after that, I shall buy clothes. Humanist (Erasmus)

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Blessedness consists primarily in the fact that the soul sees God in herself.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Blessedness consists primarily in the fact that the soul sees God in herself. Mystic (Meister Eckhart)

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? It is an unscrupulous intellect that does not pay to antiquity its due reverence.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? It is an unscrupulous intellect that does not pay to antiquity its due reverence. Humanist (Erasmus)

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? God ordained human nature to attain the end of eternal life not by its own strength, but by the help of grace, and in this way its act can be deserving of eternal life.

Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? God ordained human nature to attain the end of eternal life not by its own strength, but by the help of grace, and in this way its act can be deserving of eternal life. Scholastic (Thomas Aquinas)