Chapter 11.2 (Pg. 313-318): Applying Mendel’s Principles

Genetics Vocabulary - Genotype - Phenotype - Homozygous - Heterozygous - An organism’s genetic makeup - Phenotype - An organism’s physical traits - Homozygous An organism has two of the same allele for a trait - Heterozygous An organism has two different alleles for a trait

Probability and Genetics Probability is the likelihood an event will occur Can be predicted in genetics through segregation Assumes that each gamete has a ½ chance of carrying an allele

Punnett Squares Are named for their creator, Reginald Punnett Are a simple matrix to calculate the probability of inheritance outcomes Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

The Principle of Independent Assortment Genes for different traits can segregate independently during formation of gametes Traits that segregate independently do not influence each other’s inheritance The gene that determines seed shape does not affect gene for seed color

Two-Factor Crosses Show how the alleles for one trait are inherited independently of another trait Two dominant alleles don’t always stay together Trick is to show the correct combinations of alleles in the parents