Gases Chapter 10/11 Modern Chemistry Sections 10.1, 11.1-11.3 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter Gases and Pressure The Gas Laws Gas Volumes and the Ideal Gas Law Chapter 8 Section 1 Describing Chemical Reactions p. 261-275

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law TEMP. TEMP. PRESSURE AMOUNT AMOUNT VOLUME Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law P & V relationship; n & T held constant “The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature.” Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 369

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law KMT Explanation Pressure is caused by gas particles colliding with the container. If the volume is decreased, there are more particles per volume; so there are more collisions. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law PV = k k is a constant P1 V1 = k P2 V2 = k P1 V1 = P2 V2 V1 V2 P1 P2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 370

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 PV= k Graph Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 370

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Boyle’s Law Problem A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150.0 mL when its pressure is 0.947 atm. What will the volume of the gas be at a pressure of 0.987 atm if the temperature remains constant? p. 370 1. 144 mL O2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Practice Problems p. 370 A balloon filled with helium gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1 atm.The balloon is released and reaches an altitude of 6.5 km, where the pressure is 0.5 atm. If the temperature has remained the same, what volume does the gas occupy at this height? p. 370 1. 1000 mL He Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Charles’ Law TEMP. PRESSURE PRESSURE AMOUNT AMOUNT VOLUME Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Kelvin Temperature Scale Same size degrees as the Celcius scale 0 K = -273.15° C 0 K = absolute zero K = 273 + °C Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Charles’ Law V & T relationship; n & P held constant The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.” Insert Glencoe Chemistry Matter Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Charles’ Law KMT Explanation At a higher temperature, the gas molecules move faster. They collide with the walls of the container with more frequency and with more force. The volume of a flexible container will increase in order for the pressure to stay the same. Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Temperature & Volume Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Temperature & Volume Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Charles’ Law V / T = k k = a constant V1 / T1 = k V2 / T2 = k V1 = V2 T1 = T2 V2 V1 T1 T2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 372

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 V/T = k Graph Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 372

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Charles’ Law Problem A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25°C. What volume will the gas occupy at 50°C if the pressure remains constant? p. 372 1. 815 mL Ne Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Practice Problems p. 372 A sample of neon gas has a volume of 752 mL at 25.0°C.What will the volume at 100.0°C be if pressure is constant? A sample of nitrogen gas is contained in a piston with a freely moving cylinder. At 0.0°C, the volume of the gas is 375 mL.To what temperature must the gas be heated to occupy a volume of 500.0 mL? p. 372 1. 941 mL 2. 91°C Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Gay-Lussac’s Law TEMP. PRESSURE AMOUNT AMOUNT VOLUME VOLUME Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Gay-Lussac’s Law P & T relationship; n & V held constant “The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature.” Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Gay-Lussac’s Law KMT Explanation Pressure is a result of collisions. If temperature is increased then the particles move faster with more force; and particles have more collisions. So pressure is increased. Insert Holt Visualizing Matter Disc 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Gay-Lussac’s Law P / T = k k = a constant P1 / T1 = k P2 / T2 = k P1 = P2 T1 = T2 P2 P1 T1 T2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 373

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 P/T = k Graph Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. 373

Gay-Lussac’s Law Problem The gas in a container is at a pressure of 3.00 atm at 25°C. Directions on the container warn the user not to keep it in a place where the temperature exceeds 52°C. What would the gas pressure in the container be at 52°C? p. 373 1. 3.27 atm Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Practice Problems p. 374 At 120.0°C, the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume? At 122°C the pressure of a sample of nitrogen gas is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C, assuming constant volume? p. 374 1. 1.30 atm 2. 1.29 atm Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Practice Problems p. 374 A sample of helium gas has a pressure of 1.20 atm at 22°C. At what Celsius temperature will the helium reach a pressure of 2.00 atm, assuming constant volume? p. 374 3. 219°C Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Combined Gas Law TEMP. PRESSURE AMOUNT AMOUNT VOLUME Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Combined Gas Law P, V and T relationship; n held constant “The combined gas law expresses the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.” P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 = T 1 T 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Combined Gas Law Boyle’s Law Charles Law Gay-Lussac’s Law P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 = T 1 T 2 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 STP Standard Temperature and Pressure Standard Pressure 1.00 atm 760 mm Hg 101.325 kPa Standard Temperature 273 K 0° C Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Combined Gas Law Problems A helium-filled balloon has a volume of 50.0 L at 25°C and 1.08 atm. What volume will it have at 0.855 atm and 10.0°C? p. 375 1. 60.0 L He Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Practice Problems p. 375 The volume of a gas is 27.5 mL at 22.0°C and 0.974 atm. What will the volume be at 15.0°C and 0.993 atm? A 700.0 mL gas sample at STP compressed to a volume of 200.0 mL, and the temperature is increased to 30.0°C.What is the new pressure of the gas in Pa? p. 375 1. 26.3 mL 2. 3.94 × 105 Pa, or 394 kPa Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Ch 11 Sec 2 Homework Page 375 # 1-6 Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Title Image Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 p. xx

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Emptying an Eggshell http://www.eggs.ab.ca/kids/Egg%20Science/contents.htm Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Drinking Bird http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/whyisitso/default.htm Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377

Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377 Egg in a Bottle http://www.eggs.ab.ca/kids/Egg%20Science/contents.htm Chapter 11 Section 2 The Gas Laws p. 369-377