Introduction to Kinesiology

Kinesiology is a discipline or body of knowledge that focuses on physical activity Is a body of knowledge organized around a theme or focus Unique way to learn about the discipline of kinesiology Way of knowing about our discipline Performing and watching Scholarly study Professional practice

Figure 1.1 Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 3

Kinesiology We have defined kinesiology as: 1.knowledge derived from experiencing 2. physical activity, scholarly study of 3. physical activity, and professional practice centered in physical activity; this knowledge becomes part of the discipline when it is embedded in a university curriculum and used by kinesiologists in their research Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 4

Figure 1.2

Kinesiology A discipline focused on human physical activity Physical activity knowledge derived from : Experience (participate or observe) Scholarship (study; ONLY knowledge that is embedded in college or university kinesiology curriculum or in research, which helps ensure the quality and integrity of the knowledge) Professional practice (to help others achieve physical activity goals) Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 6

What Is Physical Activity? The centerpiece of kinesiology A term for which many definitions exist so we must specify our technical definition

Figure 1.3 Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 8

Example of Definition That Is Too Exclusive “…bodily movement that is produced by skeletal muscles and substantially increases energy expenditure.” (italics added) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1996, p. 21) Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 9

Our Technical Definition of Physical Activity Does NOT Include… Human movements that are Involuntary Performed aimlessly and without a specific purpose All human movement NOT all movement is physical activity. All physical activity is movement.

Our Technical Definition of Physical Activity DOES Include… Physical activity that is intentional, voluntary, and directed toward achieving an identifiable goal.

Developing an Understanding of Kinesiology Experiential knowledge Theoretical knowledge Professional practice knowledge

Experiencing Physical Activity Direct participation in physical activity is an important source of kinesiological knowledge. Observation of physical activity is also an important source of kinesiological knowledge. *Page 18 in book! Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 13

Studying Physical Activity Involves examining physical activity through research and logical, systematic analyses Organized within sub disciplines, which have developed into specialized areas of study Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 14

Practicing a Physical Activity Profession Putting knowledge to work in physical activity careers Some knowledge gained through professional practice gets incorporated into university classes Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 15

Figure 1.4

Focus of Kinesiology Exercise Skilled movement Training Health-related Therapeutic Skilled movement Sport Developmental skills Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 17

Focus of Kinesiology Examples? Training EXERCISE Training Conditioning to improve athletic performance or other activities Health-related Develop /maintain sound working body Therapeutic Restore previously acquired/developed capabilities Examples?

Focus of Kinesiology Skilled movement Sport Developmental Form of physical activity Skilled movements Achieve a goal defined by established rules Usually competitive context Developmental Non sport setting Rules & competitions irrelevant Some examples? Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 19

Figure 1.5 Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 20

Figure 1.6 Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 21

Why Kinesiology? Various Names for Kinesiology Department of… physical education health, physical education, recreation, and dance physical education, health, and leisure studies physical education and fitness exercise and health science sport science and physical education exercise and sport science physical education and movement science movement sciences and leisure studies food, nutrition, and exercise science human movement studies sport studies What was the KIN dept. called before KIN? Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 22

Key Organizations Make Name Changes The American Academy of Physical Education became the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education (AAKPE) The National Association for Health and Physical Education in Higher Education became the National Association for Kinesiology, Health and Physical Education in Higher Education (NAKHPEHE) The newly established American Kinesiological Association (AKA) Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 23

Holistic Nature of Kinesiology Although kinesiology usually focuses on the bodily aspects of physical activity, it is important to remember that human beings are holistic creatures with interrelated cognitions, emotions, bodies, and souls. Social Emotional Physical Physiological Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 24

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Figure 1.10 Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005) 28

Kinesiology: A Subdisciplinary View (from Dr. Wughalter) Sport History Motor Learning and Control Sport Psychology Sport Philosophy Special Populations Kinesiology Exercise Physiology Sport Art Sport Sociology Sport Anthropology Biomechanics Measurement and Statistics

Figure 1.11

Spheres of Professional Practice \insert id# 277282\ Figure 1.13

Ok…switch gears!!!!

Are Physical Activity Professionals Needed?...Yes! One reason is the low levels of physical activity and the resulting obesity epidemic facing our nation. Take a look at the following slides from the Centers for Disease Control to see how our nation’s level of obesity is on the rise as a result of our low levels of physical activity. What impact can you make as a physical activity professional? Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Watch the progression of the trend over the years.

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5′4″ (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 (*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 *BMI ≥ 30, or ~30 lbs (13.6 kg) overweight for 5’4” (162.5 cm) person. Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990, 1998, 2006

Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults We have never had an epidemic like this that we have been able to track so thoroughly. About 60 million adults, or 30 percent of the adult population, are now obese, which is a doubling of the rate since 1980.

Are Physical Activity Professionals Needed?...Yes! Here is another illustration of the impact of physical activity on our nation: As obesity rises as a result of low levels of physical activity, so does the prevalence of diabetes. Take a look at the following slides from the American Medical Association to see how the prevalence of diabetes has changed in our nation. What impact can you make as a physical activity professional? Chapter 1 - Hoffman (2005)