How Species Interact with Each Other Chapter 8 Section 2

What are we learning? Objectives: Essential Question: Explain the difference between habitat and niche Give examples of a niche Explain how symbiotic relationships may evolve Explain the difference between parasitism and predation Essential Question: How are species interacting with each other essential to their survival?

An Organisms Niche Unique role of a species within an ecosystem Physical Home (habitat) Environmental factors necessary for survival Interactions with other organisms Functional role or job of a particular species in an ecosystem What you do VS. Who you are

Ways in Which Species Interact Interaction Species A Species B Description Competition Harmed Each species negatively affects the other Predation and Parasitism Benefited Species A feeds on Species B Mutualism Each species is helpful Commensalism Unaffected Species A benefits from B, but B is unaffected

Mutualism Close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other (+) / (+) X. Rhinos & Oxpecker

Commensalisms Relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped (+) / (N/A) X. clown fish & sea anemome Raccoons eating our garbage

Parasitism An organism that lives in or on another organism and feeds on the other organism Host usually lives (+) / (-) X. tapeworm and humans

Predation Organism that feeds on another organism (+) / (-) Prey dies X. Sharks & Seals

Competition Relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resources Occurs between and within species

Type of Competition Direct = Head to Head Indirect Competition Don’t have to come in contact with each other X. Insect feeds on a plant in the a.m., a different insect feeds on the same plant in the p.m.

Adaptations to Competition Niche Restrictions- each species uses less of the niche than they are capable of using

Symbiosis and Coevolution Two organisms living in close association Species in close relationships may evolve adaptations that reduce the harm or improve the benefit of the relationship. 2 species evolve in response to each other X. Flowers and hummingbirds

Let’s Review Give examples of species that have the same habitat but not the same niche that a lion has. Describe the five types of species interactions