Does the Frame of Reference apply, irrespective of the enterprise’s size, culture and sector of activity? Researching good practices centred on SMEs AMAROK Observatory Florence Guiliani

SMEs are insufficiently theorised They make up the economic fabric :  99.8% of the 16 millions entreprises of the European Union are SMEs  99.9% of French entreprises Stimulus to employment and growth : SMEs are everywhere, except in the theoretical realm EUFrance Wage earning jobs 66.7%52% Added Value58.6%49% GDP55%

Theoretical constucts of labour and health  Concentration of employees of large entreprises  Little knowledge of employment in SMEs  Very little knowledge of workers who are not wage-earners

AMAROK First observatory of the health of SME Managers: shopkeeepers, craft workers and independent professions

Tobacco Risks of alcohol and tobacco addiction to be monitored for managers 5 Alcohol 26% smokers 2 x / week on average Of whom 29% are strongly tobacco dependent 94% alcohol > 1 x / month Of whom 18% have problematic consumption 7% are dependent 17% smokers Benchmarks middle ranking and senior executives

WORKAHOLISM IN SME MANAGERS? 6

Hours worked Long working days 7 Number of days worked in the week 9h52 on average per day 52h43 on average per week 5,4 days on average

Difficult reconciliation of working/family life for managers 9 No, not at all No, generally not Yes, completely yes, generally Difficulties in reconciling work and personal and family commitments 55% Yes No, not at all No, generally not Yes, completely yet, generally Benchmarks middle and senior executives 35% Yes

Hours of sleep Less sleep 10 6h25 on average per day Difficulties in getting to sleep 13% Waking too early 42% Waking in the night 45% Tired on getting up 43% (often + all the time)

Sleep, a critical situation compared to that of executives 11 Enough sleep 19% No, not at all 8% No, not at all Benchmarks middle and senior executives Medicine taken to aid in sleeping 17% > 1x week 5% > 1x week Benchmarks cadres MMS Stimulants, sleeping pills, antidepressants taken

Some typical phrases  « I’ve no time to be ill »  « I’ve no right to be ill »  I only fall ill when I am on holiday  « I like stress, it keeps me going »

The risk of burnout affects 1 manager in 10 13

Health subject to time constraint A strong leadership ideology Need to come up with a preventive workplace health for employers General Conclusion

Does the Reference Framework apply, irrespective of the enterprise’s size, culture and sector of activity ? Researching good practices centred on SMEs AMAROK Observatory Florence Guiliani