Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Attribution theory Suggest how we explain someone’s behavior – by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition. Chapter 18 social psychology

Fundamental attribution error The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Attitude Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Chapter 18 social psychology

Foot in the door phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request comply later with a larger request. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Conformity Adjusting one’s behavior were thinking to coincide with the group standard. Chapter 18 social psychology

Normative social influence Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Social facilitation Stronger responses on a simple or well-earned tasks in the presence of others. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Social loafing The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Deindividualism The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situation that foster arousal and anonymity. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Group polarization The enhancement of the group’s prevailing inclination through discussion within the group. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology groupthink The motive thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony and decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Prejudice And unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involve stereotype believes, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Stereotype A generalized belief about a group of people. It can be accurate but often overgeneralized. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Discrimination Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology In group “US” – people with whom one shares a common identity. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Outgroup “Them”-those perceived as different report from ones in group. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology In group bias The tendency to favor one’s own group. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Scapegoat theory The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Just world phenomenon The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Aggression Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. Chapter 18 social psychology

Frustration aggression principle The principle that frustration-the blocking of any attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Conflict A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Social trap A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationality pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Mere exposure effect The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Passionate love In a aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually presented at the beginning of a love relationship. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Companionate Love The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Equity A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Self-disclosure Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Altruism Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Bystander effect The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to get aid if other bystanders are present. Chapter 18 social psychology

Social exchange theory The theory that our social behavior as an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Reciprocity norm An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. Chapter 18 social psychology

Social responsibility norm an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology Superordinate goals Shared goals that override differences among people and require their corporation. Chapter 18 social psychology

Chapter 18 social psychology GRIT Graduated and reciprocated initiatives and tension reduction-strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Chapter 18 social psychology