MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TERMEZ STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN peculiarities and development TERMEZ

2 Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of Uzbekistan. Nearly 90% of the food products consumed by the population is produced in the agrarian sector. Uzbekistan is situated in a favorable territory of CA and possesses natural climatic conditions. As well, daily efficient temperature is 26-30°C on average and total sunny hours is more than This natural conditions gives an opportunity to produce quality agricultural products and to yield crop several times during one year.

3 Index 2000 year 2008 year 2009 year 2010 year 2011 year 2012 year 2013 year GDP8,49,08,18,58,38,28,0 Contribution of agriculture in GDP 30,119,718,618,017,617,516,8 Production of agricultural products 3,24,55,76,86,67,07,06,8 GDP in Uzbekistan as well as the production volume of agricultural products is increasing year by year in a stable manner as a result of economic reforms being carried out by the government. The rate of production volume of agricultural products and GDP in Uzbekistan (in percentage):

4 - 7 million 800 thousand tons of grain, - 8 million 400 thousand tons of vegetables, as well as over - 3 million 360 thousand tons cotton was produced in Uzbekistan in At the moment Uzbekistan takes the 6 th place in terms of cotton production and 2 nd place in terms of its export.

5 940 thousand tons of grain was produced in the early period of independence and we had to import around 4.5 million tons of grain for the purpose of supplying the internal demand for the most important product of the population. At present the grain produced in Uzbekistan meets the demand of the population at full and is exported partially as well.

6 Dynamics of the main agricultural crops productivity changes per capita in Uzbekistan, quintal per hectare

7 Types of products Per norm, кg In practice, кg In 1991 per norm, % Per measure, % As for 1991, % Fruit56,424,0 67,5 42,6 119,7 281,2 Grapes25,624,0 40,0 93,8 156,3 166,7 Vegetables113,0138,6 259,0 122,6 229,2 186,9 Potatoes50,615,1 68,5 29,8 135,4 453,6 Melon/cucumbe r etc, 19,339,0 47,3 202,1 245,1 121,3 The dynamics of agriculture production per person in Uzbekistan, in kg

8 Structure of production according to the types of agricultural products in 2013, in percentage

9 Based on the analysis of economic reforms progress carried out step by step in agriculture of Uzbekistan the following basic directions can be figured out: * Reforms in the relations of land and water treatment; * Reforms in the relations of property and content; * Reforms in the field of finance-credit, tax and insurance; * Reforms in the system of price formation and its liberalization.

10 * Reforms in the relations of land and water treatment carried out in agriculture of our Republic is meant to treat efficiently land- water resources, to improve the melioration state of the land, to increase soil productivity, to develop the relations of land rent and land tax. * The main attention is given, first of all, to privatize, to the different property types, basically to establish farming and peasantry based on private propertyship In the property- content reforms being carried out in the field of agriculture. *

11 Reforms are carried out in the field of insurance, taxation and financing of agrarian field. In financing the agriculture preferential crediting system is established for farmers producing products for the necessity of the country. This preferential credit is given through banks from the special fund established under the Ministry of Finance and its annual interest rate is 3%. In fact, refinancing rate is 10% in Uzbekistan.

12 Taxation system of entrepreneurship entities acting in agriculture is also developing. Since 1999, a single land tax is implemented instead of the previous 8 taxes. The implementation of this tax created convenience for farmers in terms of its calculation and payment process. Besides, this tax determines the basis according to the land quality rating, the distance between the land area and the centre of the district, water supply level, type of the crop. At present this tax rate is 6% of the land measure value. Reforms on price formation and its liberalization in agrarian sector are meant to implement free market relations step by step in determination of the prices for agricultural products.