Network IQ Training Manual Chapter 2 - Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual2 Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing Loose Tube Cable (Indoor & Outdoor) Tight-Buffered Cable (Indoor & Outdoor) Applications

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual3 Loose Tube Cable: Fibre & Buffer Colouring Cables > 12 fibres have the same colour code with stripes Colour code is according to EIA/TIA-598-A, also referred to as Telcordia colour code Fibre No.Fibre coatColour 1BLUEBL 2ORANGEOR 3GREENGR 4BROWNBR 5SLATESL 6WHITEWH 7REDRD 8BLACKBK 9YELLOWYL 10VIOLETVI 11ROSERS 12AQUAAQ

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual4 More Colour Coding Standards No Colour No Colour No Colour No Colour Colour Code DIN VDE 0888 Colour Code Swisscom Colour Code ISO Colour Code IEC For identification of more than twelve fibers is a ring mark. The colours of the fibers are repeated

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual5 Fibre optic cable type code acc. DIN VDE 0816

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual6 Cable Codes Corning Example of Fiber description E9/ F3,5 + 0,22H18 E9 = Single mode fiber 9µ glass core diameter 125µ = Cladding diameter 0,36 / 0,22 = Attenuation (db/km) F = At wavelength 1300 nm H = At wavelength 1550nm 3,5 / 18 = Dispersions parameter at 1300nm Remark: cabled parameters. Values on fibre data sheet are better

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual7 Loose Tube Cable: Fibre Buffering (up to 24 fibre) Optical Fibre Filling Compound Optical Fibre Dry tube Swellable yarns Gel-free Buffer tube Gel-filled Buffer tube Fibre bundle is a group of Optical fibres in 1 loose tube

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual8 Stranded Loose Tube Cable : Fibre Buffering After Manufacturing Fibre Bundle Buffer Tube Central Member Fibre Bundle Buffer Tube Central Member Buffer Tube Contraction Fibre Bundle Buffer Tube Central Member Buffer Tube Expansion Cross-section view of the loose tubes Side view of the loose tubes

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual9 Central Member – Anti-Buckling – Steel or Dielectric Stranded Loose Tube Cable: Stranding Buffer Tubes with Fibres Central Member PE Sheet Advantages – SZ Stranding provides more flexibility – Allows easy midspan access – Reduce the turn effects under pulling force

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual10 Stranded Loose Tube Cable: Jacketing Jacket – PE – FRNC – Core Protection – Chemical Resistance – Abrasion Resistance Buffer Tubes with Fibres Central Member Dry ™ Waterblocking Material Strength Elements Jacket Tensile Strength Elements – Main Load Bearer – Aramid and/or Fibre glass Yarns Dry™ Waterblocking Material Armouring – Corrugated Steel Tape – Glass Yarn Armouring

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual11 Central Tube Cable Advantages – High flexibility – Low weight and fire rate Rodent protection by glass yarn armour, metal-free Central tube Ø = 3.0mm up to 12 or 5.0mm up to 24 fibres, Swellable tape Jacket, PE Rip cord Jacket – PE – FRNC – Core Protection – Chemical Resistance – Abrasion Resistance Tensile Strength Elements – Main Load Bearer – Aramid and/or Fibre glass Yarns Dry™ Waterblocking Material Gel free buffer tubes optional Armouring – Corrugated Steel Tape – Glass Yarn Armouring

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual12 For Indoor and Outdoor Installations Halogen free & Flame retardent cable construction Small and light weight design Various cable designs for different applications Rodent protection UV resistant Swellable elements for improved water penetration and faster installation -Dry cable core -Gel-free MPC - Multi Purpose Cable

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual13 Duct Bank Dielectric Armoured MPC Greater than 50 Feet Cable Applications Loose Tube

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual14 Thermoplastic Coating 900 µm Tight Buffered Cable Buffering Coating Versions: TB – Easy Strip, FRNC, 1.5m strip length, used in pigtails TB3 – Standard, FRNC, 10cm strip length, used in jumpers, i-MIC Optica l Fibre 250 µm Coating

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual15 Fibre Cable Jacket Colouring Indoor Aqua - OM3, OM4 Orange - OM1, OM2 Yellow - OS1, OS2 Fibre Tight Buffer Strength Elements Coated Central Member Outer Jacket 12-Fibre MIC® Multifibre Indoor Cable FRNC or PVC Sheath 2-24 Fibre

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual16 Multi-Fibre Cable: MPC Cable (TB3) (up to 24 fibre) A-VQ (BN) H In-/Outdoor Cable Strength elements/aramid yarn Tight Buffered Fibre Glass yarn armour Swellable elements (water blocking) LSZH – Inner jacket Rip cord LSZH – Outerjacket

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual17 Fibre Kevlar Thermoplastic Buffer Outer Jacket 1-Fibre, 2-Fibre Basic Cable Unit Simplex Cable Duplex Cable (Zipcord) Used in standard patch cords Simplex Available in: –2.0mm –2.8mm Duplex Available in: –2x1.8mm (700  m coating) –2x2.0mm –2x2.8mm

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual18 Break out® Cable FRNC Jacket Dielectric Central Member Ripcord 1-Fibre Basic Unit FRNC Overcoat

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual19 Cable Applications Tight Buffered Cables MIC or Breakout Cable MIC or Breakout Cable2-fibre Zipcord

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual20 Flame Retardant Cables: European Flame and Smoke Tests IEC-StandardTest name IEC 60332Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions IEC Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable IEC Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or cable IEC Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables IEC 61034Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions IEC Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 1: Determination of the amount of halogen acid gas IEC Test on gases evolved during combustion of electric cables - Part 2: Determination of degree of acidity of gases evolved during the combustion of materials taken from electric cables by measuring pH and conductivity “0H” or “ZH” “NC” “FR” “LS”

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual21 Force = Mass x Acceleration [N] = [Kg] x 9.81[m/sec 2 ] Reference: 1 pound = 4.45N Tensile Strength (IEC E1) –FO cable is pulled by a tensile force measured in Newton –Ex: 2700 N Crush Resistance (IEC E3) –FO Cable is tested using a plate which applies a crushing load measured in Newton –Ex: 3000 N/10cm (linear) Bending Radius (IEC E11 A) –FO Cable is bent to meet its specified bending radius –Ex: Generally, 15xOD during installation and 10x OD during operation OD = outer diameter of cable, non-armoured cable Requirement: Mechanical Tests are conducted for 1 minute or more No fibre break or Attenuation more than 0.05 db Mechanical Characteristics of Fibre Optic Cable

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual22 Cont. mechanical characteristics of FO-Cable Tensile TestCrush Resistance Test Bending Radius Test

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual23 Water Penetration (IEC F5) –FO cable prevents water from penetrating inside the cable and inside the loose tubes Temperature Cycle (IEC F1) –FO Cable can be exposed to low temperature or high temperature without any material deformation or high attenuation more than 0.05 db –Ex: -40°C to +70°C Environmental Characteristics of FO Cable 3 meter sample Water height 1 meter 24 hours No water penetrate to the sealed side of the cable Requirement: Heat Chamber -40°C to +70°C Dwell time 6 hour Measurement at 1310 nm & 1550 nm Max Att. 0.1 db/km

Optical FibreNetwork IQ Training Manual24 Cable Summary Two main design options for fibre cables: –Loose Tube (250um coated fibres) –Tight Buffered (900um coated fibres) Loose Tube typically outdoor application –Loose tube isolates fibre from external strain –250um easy to splice –Use fan out tube if direct termination with connectors Tight buffered cables typically indoor application –900um allows direct termination with connectors Telcordia colour scheme is standard Corning code; others available