PV Lead-Acid Battery System All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Design Kit

Contents Slide # 1.Lead-Acid Battery 1.1 Lead-Acid Battery Specification Discharge Time Characteristics Charge Time Characteristics Solar Cells 2.1 Solar Cells Specification Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation Solar Cell Battery Charger Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit + Constant Current Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition + Constant Current Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr. 4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.) PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit PV-Battery System Simulation Result Simulations index All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2010

GS YUASA’s Lead-Acid : MSE Nominal Voltage [Vdc] Capacity , 1 Rated Charge C 10 A Input Voltage [Vdc] Charging time A 1.1 Lead-Acid battery Specification All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 20103

0.6C (60A) 1.2 Discharge Time Characteristics All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Battery Model Parameters NS (number of batteries in unit) = 1 cell C (capacity) = 10 SOC1 (initial state of charge) = “1” (100%) TSCALE (time scale), simulation : real time 1 : 3600s or 1s : 1h Discharge Rate : 0.1C(10A), 0.25C(25A), 0.6C(60A), and 1C(100A) TSCALE=3600 means time Scale (Simulation time : Real time) is 1: C (10A) 0.25C (25A) 1C (100A)

1.3 Charge Time Characteristics All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation SOC [%] Battery Model Parameters NS (number of batteries in series) = 1 cell C (capacity) = 10 SOC1 (initial state of charge) = “1” (100%) TSCALE (time scale), simulation : real time 1 : 3600s or 1s : 1h Charging Time Input Voltage = 6.69 Vdc Input Current = C 10 A V batt [V]

BP Solar’s photovoltaic module : BP365TS Maximum power (P max ) [W] Voltage at Pmax (V mp ) [V] Current at Pmax (I mp ) [A] Short-circuit current (I sc ) [A] Open-circuit voltage(V oc ) [V] 2.1 Solar Cells Specification All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation mm 1513mm

2.2 Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Parameter, SOL is added as normalized incident radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions SOL=1 SOL=0.5 SOL=0.16 SOL=1 SOL=0.5 SOL=0.16 Current (A) Power (W) Voltage (V) BP365TS Output Characteristics vs. Incident Solar Radiation

3. Solar Cell Battery Charger Solar Cell charges the Lead-Acid Battery (MSE-100-6) with direct connect technique. Choose the solar cell that is able to provide current at charging rate or more with the maximum power voltage (Vmp) nears the battery charging voltage. MSE –Charging time is approximately 24 hours with charging rate 0.1C or 10A –Voltage during charging with 0.1C is between 5.93 to 6.69 V All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation V 6.69 V 0.1C or 10A

3.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Lead-Acid Battery Photovoltaic Module MSE (GS YUASA) DC6.0V 10, 1 Short circuit current I SC depends on condition: SOL Over Voltage Protection Circuit 7.29V Clamp Circuit BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels Vmp (system) =Vmp (panel) =8.7V Imp=22.5A (7.5A  3) Pmax=195W (65W  3) Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V

3.2 PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit Input value between 0-1 in the “PARAMETERS: sol = ” to set the normalized incident radiation, where SOL=1 for AM1.5 conditions. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation

3.3 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation sol = 1.00 sol = 0.50 sol = 0.16

3.4 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit + Constant Current All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Lead-Acid Battery Photovoltaic Module Over Voltage Protection Circuit 7.29V Clamp Circuit MSE (GS YUASA) DC6.0V 10, 1 Constant Current Control Circuit I charge =0.1C (10A) Short circuit current I SC depends on condition: SOL BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels Vmp (system) =Vmp (panel) =8.7V Imp=22.5A (7.5A  3) Pmax=195W (65W  3) Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V

3.5 Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit Input the battery capacity (Ah) and charging current rate (e.g. 0.1*CxAh) in the “PARAMETERS: CxAh = 100 and rate = 0.1 ” to set the charging current. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Vmp (system) =Vmp (panel) =8.7V Imp=22.5A Pmax=195W

3.6 Charging Time Characteristics vs. Weather Condition (Constant Current) Simulation result shows the charging time for sol = 1, 0.5, and If PV can generate current more than the constant charge rate (0.1), battery can be fully charged in about hour. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation sol = 1.00 sol = 0.50 sol = 0.16

4.1 Concept of Simulation PV Lead-Acid Battery System in 24hr. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Lead-Acid Battery Photovoltaic Module Over Voltage Protection Circuit 7.29V Clamp Circuit MSE (GS YUASA) DC6.0V 10, 1 DC/DC Converter V open = (V) V close = (V) The model contains 24hr. solar power data (example). DC Load V IN =4.5~9.0V V OUT =3.3V V LOAD = 3.3V I LOAD  18A Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit BP 365TS (BP Solar)*3panels Vmp (system) =Vmp (panel) =8.7V Imp=22.5A (7.5A  3) Pmax=195W (65W  3) Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V Input voltage + V F(D1) 6.69V+0.6V=7.29V

4.2 Short-Circuit Current vs. Time (24hr.) Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module BP365TS for 24hours as the solar power profile (example) is included to the model. All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation The model contains 24hr. solar power data (example). BP365TS_24H_TS3600

4.3 PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation Solar cell model with 24hr. solar power data. Lopen value is load shutdown voltage. Lclose value is load reconnect voltage SOC1 value is initial State Of Charge of the battery, is set as 70% of full voltage. 60W Load (3.3Vx18.181A).  Simulation at 100W load, change I1 from A to A Conoff1 C1 0.1n 0 Ronoff1 dchth DC/DC Converter Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit DMOD D1 Voch 7.29Vdc batt pv batt S2 S VON = 0.7 ROFF = 10MEG RON = 10m 0 0 Iomax IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ecal_Iomax EVALUE 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E2 EVALUE 0 PARAMETERS: Lopen = 5.55 Lclose = 6.35 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E1 EVALUE Conoff 1n IC = 5 Ronoff PARAMETERS: n = 1 Lctrl + U2 BP365TS_24H_TS3600 I A 0 OUT IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E3 EVALUE out_dc DMOD D2 U1 MSE TSCALE = 3600 SOC1 = 0.7 PLUS MINUS IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 GVALUE IN 60W 0 + U3 0 + U4

4.3.1 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=18.18A or 60W load) Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) Step size: 0.01s All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation PV generated current Battery current Battery voltage Battery SOC DC/DC input current DC output voltage SOC1=100% PV module charge the battery Charging time

4.3.2 Simulation Result (SOC1=70, IL=18.18A or 60W load) Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) Step size: 0.01s All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation PV generated current Battery current Battery voltage Battery SOC DC/DC input current DC output voltage SOC1=70% V=Lopen V=Lclose Shutdown Reconnect Fully charged, stop charging PV module charge the battery Charging time.Options ITL4=30

4.3.3 Simulation Result (SOC1=30, IL=18.18A or 60W load) Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) Step size: 0.01s All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation PV generated current Battery current Battery voltage Battery SOC DC/DC input current DC output voltage SOC1=30 V=Lopen V=Lclose Shutdown Reconnect Fully charged, stop charging PV module charge the battery Charging time

4.3.4 Simulation Result (SOC1=10, IL=18.18A or 60W load) Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) Step size: 0.01s All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation PV generated current Battery current Battery voltage Battery SOC DC/DC input current DC output voltage SOC1=10 V=Lclose Shutdown Reconnect Fully charged, stop charging PV module charge the battery Charging time V=Lopen

4.3.5 Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=30.30A or 100W load) Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world) Step size: 0.01s All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation PV generated current Battery current Battery voltage Battery SOC DC/DC input current DC output voltage.Options ITL4=30 SOC1=100 PV module charge the battery Charging time V=Lopen Shutdown V=Lopen Shutdown V=Lclose Reconnect

4.4 Simulation Result (Example of Conclusion) The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 60W. If initial SOC is 100%, –this system will never shutdown. If initial SOC is 70%, –this system will shutdown after hours (about 6:57AM.). –system load will reconnect again at 9:35AM (Morning). –With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.36 hours. If initial SOC is 30%, –this system will shutdown after hours (about 2:27AM.). –system load will reconnect again at 9:12AM (Morning). –With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.20 hours. If initial SOC is 10%, –this system will shutdown after hours (about 1:07AM.). –this system will reconnect again at 9:30AM (Morning). With the PV Panel generated current profile, battery will fully charged in about 4.14 hours. The simulation start from midnight(time=0). The system supplies DC load 100W. If initial SOC is 100%, –this system will shutdown after hours (about 4:51AM.). –system load will reconnect again at 7:42AM (Morning). –this system will shutdown again at 7:07PM (Night). All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation

Simulations index SimulationsFolder name 1.PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit Constant Current PV Lead-Acid Battery Charger Circuit PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100, 60W) PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=70, 60W) PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=30, 60W) PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=10, 60W) PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit (SOC1=100, 100W) charge-sol charge-sol-const sol_24h_soc100_60W sol_24h_soc70_60W sol_24h_soc30_60W sol_24h_soc10_60W sol_24h_soc100_100W All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation